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L UA-^[9 6oֹq\O"1J7$Ԛ"7p-~, ڇ\w[jq 48ŤjE,lܘeP r,h\m׸.$ڵث튻*lU3 p)p)-S Hu*Cts'q]wU8oXpOlUr\E%@F6v@* %zU3(TmNzA;LJBұ-C4aV>Djs۰9r6%#(䴖"755#4%2=ҩ椣tSળC*\)ݓq˹)鳧v8%p9kmR5O5zھ)+x穴ճհx䴥2>갭L=<X*a)?,$rVFږ#]=mJƵCWs\q]_/3pK7M+!B-%iߏڠStA +U%M+k~r vopL\̦)'ӗ( Q+ m*I2 iQ%f e랛+U G"}7U%`#5TPtJ 1۱OmaT(Fá_s$Tcz"b J"~ 2%6m o \ӫ%>:t )T#?w0ӟ$O Qkq 4\j54냃zW)rjǩ=sEpT8|qUhb힆;*8";Ie+`LVnjm#RՔGnNzV"d'sJ[$4KzJ0PW41^L_+J¶Jnp*I믭ZT,B>ثטq@p/$5M*~88RӷpY UCN%М4e V㊻*8JDM )ि;sN)OAYC_VcUU4rG$x(b9O 賿A=+qTu-BxLSdKuQ)7dlk;4$oefJsr cTsIoUۿn\OIo%CɏHuRpq/ W f;@qB9 p_?~޼~LRU0cm8)mAǩ'CgrK({SiKg0=HR._2 [n:O(1pž ryɢ a?ϕ+ڙۉSt LU,#FvL_%V[.(]ڛq+2A;`uKaw%w%U[(@)O+}qwU}Wq_\sq㊷wUqW}%};66SCt9ڴ:wU8ZwUqWq_7lZwlU]mvn;|qVqWpj8wq]wUqW=}J{`%] *v;|qVqWP_wq]wUqW=+{b튻*{beu­P⮡]CZ㊷wUqW)kCb튻*8ZCu*8ZwUqV?lwq]wUqWglwq]wlU}W3p[u;1WPblZ u=!{adC`{bV3i!81A*qE?'ZwUqWS?Ut-]jo*lZ]wU}Wq_Z]u*8Z[㊻*8\qWl-}+bJ6j:6q]wlU}WCKt8qWP㊿:q]L6]#AS\U1WPb+OlOlUbSu=W5CSqVӦ*8\qWA7M.إqC.PT88y7l]wP;)wU7l]u*U8JჸA$7 k*8|qWL0wlU]OlU_7 Co*lUCJ]C]CCV.]C*86]wUqWq_6]wUqWq_LڱwU]wUJ.­q[[_A0Xu+QWbAUR1Uqu U66AJ8l2(P9$(k6 W.(RoצU^>8 L0v*x[_Gl8 Up]olUf{ UZk\UU!⫀VS'3bڻP]^-/13XJ⮦*b_:Nf[W* bv1W=JkWqZw]FuVRtPs5Fjtt_SJX,]Ub m[6]J bUk**8b˙lV\Z[(ml]犻wjơG'ckԮ6+7wJeIj8Y7Jb1I./|6C\)u+v*AS \EqWPb*2]u1Wq_2qWq]jJfBL* ++T*Wq]A+T]A㊺t endstream endobj 63 0 obj << /Subtype /Image /Length 26144 /Filter /DCTDecode /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Width 38 /Height 1631 /Type /XObject >> stream JFIF.ExifMM*bj(1r2iAdobe Photoshop 7.02004:09:28 15:23:20&_(&HHTPhotoshop 3.08BIM%8BIMxHHddg(HH(dh 8BIM8BIM&?8BIM 8BIM8BIM 8BIM 8BIM' 8BIMH/fflff/ff2Z5-8BIMp8BIM@@8BIM8BIMG_& graphic13&_nullboundsObjcRct1Top longLeftlongBtomlong_Rghtlong&slicesVlLsObjcslicesliceIDlonggroupIDlongoriginenum ESliceOrigin autoGeneratedTypeenum ESliceTypeImg boundsObjcRct1Top longLeftlongBtomlong_Rghtlong&urlTEXTnullTEXTMsgeTEXTaltTagTEXTcellTextIsHTMLboolcellTextTEXT horzAlignenumESliceHorzAligndefault vertAlignenumESliceVertAligndefault bgColorTypeenumESliceBGColorTypeNone topOutsetlong leftOutsetlong bottomOutsetlong rightOutsetlong8BIM"8BIM!UAdobe PhotoshopAdobe Photoshop 7.08BIMmopt8BIMmsetnull HTMLSettingsObjcnull AttributeCaselongQuoteAllAttributesboolSpacersVerticallongSpacersHorizontallong StylesFormatlongIncludeCommentsboolGoLiveCompatibleboolSpacersEmptyCellslong TDWidthHeightlong ImageMapTypelongImageMapLocationlongFileSavingSettingsObjcnullIncludeCopyrightboolDuplicateFileNameBehaviorlongCopyBackgroundboolUseImageSubfolderboolImageSubfolderNameTEXTimagesSliceFileNameComponentsVlLslonglonglong longlonglongSavingFileNameComponentsVlLs longlonglonglonglonglonglonglonglongNameCompatibilityObjcnull NameCompatMacboolNameCompatWindowsboolNameCompatUNIXboolTagCaselong LineEndingslongIndentlongUseCSSboolHTMLBackgroundSettingsObjcnullBackgroundColorGreenlongBackgroundColorRedlongBackgroundColorBluelongBackgroundImagePathTEXTUseImageAsBackgroundboolBackgroundColorStatelongVersionlong8BIMhttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/ 1 75 3263 1 300/1 300/1 2 2004-09-23T16:39:10-04:00 2004-09-23T16:39:10-04:00 2004-09-23T16:39:10-04:00 Adobe Photoshop CS Macintosh uuid:5ee5d856-0f11-11d9-8ce0-f13f972ae33c adobe:docid:photoshop:b3c10236-034f-11d9-964b-bded1a1de493 adobe:docid:photoshop:5ee5d85b-0f11-11d9-8ce0-f13f972ae33c image/jpeg XICC_PROFILE HLinomntrRGB XYZ  1acspMSFTIEC sRGB-HP cprtP3desclwtptbkptrXYZgXYZ,bXYZ@dmndTpdmddvuedLview$lumimeas $tech0 rTRC< gTRC< bTRC< textCopyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard CompanydescsRGB IEC61966-2.1sRGB IEC61966-2.1XYZ QXYZ XYZ o8XYZ bXYZ $descIEC http://www.iec.chIEC http://www.iec.chdesc.IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB.IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGBdesc,Reference Viewing Condition in IEC61966-2.1,Reference Viewing Condition in IEC61966-2.1view_. \XYZ L VPWmeassig CRT curv #(-27;@EJOTY^chmrw| %+28>ELRY`gnu| &/8AKT]gqz !-8COZfr~ -;HUcq~ +:IXgw'7HYj{+=Oat 2FZn  % : O d y  ' = T j " 9 Q i  * C \ u & @ Z t .Id %A^z &Ca~1Om&Ed#Cc'Ij4Vx&IlAe@e Ek*Qw;c*R{Gp@j>i  A l !!H!u!!!"'"U"""# #8#f###$$M$|$$% %8%h%%%&'&W&&&''I'z''( (?(q(())8)k))**5*h**++6+i++,,9,n,,- -A-v--..L.../$/Z///050l0011J1112*2c223 3F3334+4e4455M555676r667$7`7788P8899B999:6:t::;-;k;;<' >`>>?!?a??@#@d@@A)AjAAB0BrBBC:C}CDDGDDEEUEEF"FgFFG5G{GHHKHHIIcIIJ7J}JK KSKKL*LrLMMJMMN%NnNOOIOOP'PqPQQPQQR1R|RSS_SSTBTTU(UuUVV\VVWDWWX/X}XYYiYZZVZZ[E[[\5\\]']x]^^l^__a_``W``aOaabIbbcCccd@dde=eef=ffg=ggh?hhiCiijHjjkOkklWlmm`mnnknooxop+ppq:qqrKrss]sttptu(uuv>vvwVwxxnxy*yyzFz{{c{|!||}A}~~b~#G k͂0WGrׇ;iΉ3dʋ0cʍ1fΏ6n֑?zM _ɖ4 uL$h՛BdҞ@iءG&vVǥ8nRĩ7u\ЭD-u`ֲK³8%yhYѹJº;.! 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[(n)-30(ization)-314(across)-314(time,)-314(in)-314(which)-314(spatial)-314(cue)20(s)-314(are)-314(k)-30(nown)-314(to)-314(have)-314(a)]TJ T* [(large)-521(inf)-90(luence)-521(\(17\),)-521(whereas)-521(the)-521(organ)-30(ization)-521(of)-521(the)-521(vowel)]TJ T* [(depends)-354(primarily)-354(on)-354(a)-354(local)-354(spectrotemporal)-354(str)-30(ucture,)-354(where)]TJ T* [(spatial)-338(cue)20(s)-338(should)-338(have)-338(a)-338(weaker)-338(ef)-30(fect)-338(\(6\).)]TJ 1 -1.13 Td [(We)-255(man)-30(ipulated)-255(the)-255(spatial)-255(cue)20(s)-255(of)-255(the)-255(sound)-255(elements)-255(in)-255(the)]TJ -1 -1.13 Td [(mixture)-547(and)-547(measured)-547(how)-547(perceptual)-547(organ)-30(ization)-547(was)-547(af-)]TJ T* [(fected.)-311(Identical)-311(stimuli)-311(were)-311(pre)20(sented)-311(in)-311(t)-30(wo)-311(separate)-311(blocks,)]TJ 0 -1.13 TD [(one)-184(in)-184(which)-184(listeners)-184(attended)-184(to)-184(the)-184(tone)20(s)-184(and)-184(one)-184(in)-184(which)-184(they)]TJ T* [(attended)-292(to)-292(the)-292(vowel.)-292(In)-292(each)-292(block,)-292(we)-292(measured)-292(whether)-292(the)]TJ T* [(t)-30(arget)-554(was)-554(perceived)-554(as)-554(part)-554(of)-554(the)-554(attended)-554(object.)-554(When)]TJ T* [(attending)-452(to)-452(the)-452(tone)20(s,)-452(listeners)-452(identified)-452(the)-452(rhy)-30(thm)-452(of)-452(the)]TJ T* [(stream.)-319(If)-319(the)-319(t)-30(arget)-319(was)-319(perceived)-319(as)-319(part)-319(of)-319(the)-319(tone)20(s)-319(stream,)]TJ T* [(then)-238(the)-238(perceived)-238(rhy)-30(thm)-238(was)-238(even;)-238(other)-30(w)-40(ise,)-238(it)-238(was)-238(galloping.)]TJ T* [(Similarly,)-615(listeners)-615(identified)-615(the)-615(perceived)-615(vowel)-615(categor)-60(y,)]TJ T* [(which)-319(depended)-319(on)-319(whether)-319(or)-319(not)-319(the)-319(t)-30(arget)-319(was)-319(perceived)-319(as)]TJ T* [(part)-274(of)-274(the)-274(har)-30(mon)-30(ic)-274(c)-30(omplex)-274(\(9,)-274(18\).)-274(If)-274(the)-274(t)-30(arget)-274(was)-274(heard)-274(as)]TJ T* [(part)-230(of)-230(the)-230(vowel,)-230(it)-230(was)-230(labeled)-230(/)]TJ /T1_6 1 Tf 0 Tc 13.956 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/)-230(\(as)-230(in)-230(\221\221bet\222\222\);)-230(when)-230(the)-230(t)-30(arget)]TJ -14.461 -1.13 Td [(was)-280(not)-280(part)-280(of)-280(the)-280(vowel,)-280(it)-280(was)-280(labeled)-280(/I/)-280(\(as)-280(in)-280(\221\221bit\222\222;)-280(see)-280(Fig.)]TJ 0 Tc 0 -1.13 TD (1)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0.505 0 Td (B)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.096 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 2.041 0 Td (Methods)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 3.576 0 Td [(\).)-438(The)-438(spatial)-438(cue)20(s)-438(in)-438(the)-438(t)-30(arget)-438(c)-30(ould)-438(either)]TJ -7.219 -1.13 Td [(match)-279(or)-279(dif)-30(fer)-279(f)-30(rom)-279(the)-279(spatial)-279(cue)20(s)-279(in)-279(the)-279(tone)20(s)-279(and)-279(the)-279(vowel)]TJ T* [(\(see)-288(Fig.)-288(1)]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 4.506 0 Td [(C)-288(Left)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 2.972 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 1.891 0 Td (Methods)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 3.576 0 Td [(\))-288(to)-288(either)-288(promote)-288(or)-288(disc)-30(ourage)]TJ -12.945 -1.13 Td [(g)-20(rouping)-395(of)-395(the)-395(t)-30(arget)-395(w)-40(ith)-395(the)-395(attended)-395(object.)-395(Inter)-30(mingled)]TJ T* [(c)-30(ontrol)-364(c)-30(onditions)-364(pre)20(sented)-364(single-object)-364(protot)-30(ype)-364(stimuli)-364(in)]TJ T* [(which)-260(only)-260(the)-260(attended)-260(object)-260(was)-260(pre)20(sented)-260(\(w)-40(ith)-260(and)-260(w)-40(ithout)]TJ T* [(the)-267(t)-30(arget;)-267(see)-267(Fig.)-267(1)]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 8.842 0 Td [(C)-267(Right)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 3.174 0 Td [(\))-267(to)-267(c)-30(onfir)-30(m)-267(that)-267(listeners)-267(were)-267(able)]TJ -12.016 -1.13 Td [(to)-547(c)-30(onsistently)-547(label)-547(unambiguous)-547(stimuli)-547(properly)-547(w)-40(ith)-547(the)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 0.25 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 314.176 156.508 m 386.176 156.508 l S BT /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 6 0 0 6 314.1761 143.8835 Tm [(Author)-207(contributions:)-207(B.G.S.-C.,)-207(A.K.C.L.,)-207(and)-207(A.J.O.)-207(designed)-207(research;)-207(A.K.C.L.)-207(performed)]TJ 0 -1.333 TD [(research;)-215(B.G.S.-C.)-215(and)-215(A.K.C.L.)-215(analyzed)-215(data;)-215(and)-215(B.G.S.-C.,)-215(A.K.C.L.,)-215(and)-215(A.J.O.)-215(wrote)-215(the)]TJ T* (paper.)Tj 0 -1.833 TD [(The)-278(authors)-278(declare)-278(no)-278(con\037ict)-278(of)-278(interest.)]TJ 0 -1.833 TD [(This)-278(article)-278(is)-278(a)-278(PNAS)-278(Direct)-278(Submission.)]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 314.1761 96.6335 Tm (\207)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.6786 94.8835 Tm [(To)-278(whom)-278(correspondence)-278(should)-278(be)-278(addressed.)-278(E-mail:)-278(shinn@cns.bu.edu.)]TJ -0.417 -1.833 Td [(This)-513(article)-513(contains)-513(supporting)-513(information)-513(online)-513(at)]TJ 0 0 1 rg 26.82 0 Td (www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/)Tj -26.82 -1.333 Td (0704641104/DC1.)Tj 0 0 0 rg 0 -1.833 TD [(\251)-278(2007)-278(by)-278(The)-278(National)-278(Academy)-278(of)-278(Sciences)-278(of)-278(the)-278(USA)]TJ 6.5 0 0 6.5 51.6761 39.8835 Tm (www.pnas.org)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 6.833 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (cgi)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 1.333 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (doi)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 1.5 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (10.1073)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 3.614 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td [(pnas.0704641104)-25200(PNAS)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 389.0861 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 397.2507 39.8835 Tm [(July)-333(17,)-333(2007)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 442.9879 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 451.1525 39.8835 Tm [(vol.)-333(104)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 480.9927 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 489.1573 39.8835 Tm [(no.)-333(29)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 514.2979 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 522.4625 39.8835 Tm (12223\22612227)Tj ET 0 0 0 RG 40 w 593.676 377.384 m 593.676 443.384 l S 0 0 0 0 k BT /T1_7 1 Tf 0 6.5 -6.5 0 585.1761 390.8921 Tm (PSYCHOLOGY)Tj ET q /GS1 gs 19 0 0 815.5 9 9 cm /Im0 Do Q q /GS1 gs 19 0 0 815.5 9 9 cm /Im1 Do Q endstream endobj 129 0 obj << /BG2 /Default /TR2 /Default /Type /ExtGState /SA true /UCR2 /Default /SM 0.02 >> endobj 133 0 obj << /BG2 /Default /TR2 /Default /SA false /UCR2 /Default /SM 1 >> endobj 135 0 obj << /Length 46530 >> stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 51.6761 405.8835 Tm [(even/galloping)-369(or)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.935 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/I)-369(labels.)-369(Finally,)-369(another)-369(c)-30(ontrol)-369(c)-30(ondition)]TJ -8.44 -1.115 Td [(pre)20(sented)-556(the)-556(t)-30(wo)-556(c)-30(ompeting)-556(objects)-556(w)-40(ithout)-556(any)-556(t)-30(arget)-556(to)]TJ 0 -1.115 TD [(ensure)-369(that)-369(attended)-369(objects)-369(in)-369(this)-369(t)-30(wo-object)-369(c)-30(ondition)-369(were)]TJ T* [(not)-338(perceived)-338(as)-338(if)-338(they)-338(c)-30(ont)-30(ained)-338(t)-30(arget)-338(energ)-40(y.)]TJ 1 -1.115 Td [(To)-445(obt)-30(ain)-445(a)-445(more)-445(direct)-445(interpret)-30(ation)-445(of)-445(the)-445(categor)-60(y)-445(re-)]TJ -1 -1.115 Td [(sponse)20(s)-423(in)-423(the)-423(main)-423(ex)-30(periment,)-423(an)-423(aux)-50(iliar)-60(y)-423(ex)-30(periment)-423(was)]TJ 0 -1.115 TD [(c)-30(onducted)-235(w)-40(ith)-235(single-object)-235(stimuli.)-235(The)-235(same)-235(categorical)-235(judg-)]TJ T* [(ments)-239(\(even)-239(vs.)-239(galloping)-239(or)-239(/)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 12.477 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/)-239(vs.)-239(/I/\))-239(were)-239(measured)-239(when)-239(only)]TJ -12.982 -1.115 Td [(one)-340(object)-340(was)-340(pre)20(sent)-340(\(either)-340(the)-340(tone)20(s)-340(or)-340(the)-340(vowel\))-340(and)-340(the)]TJ T* [(level)-373(of)-373(the)-373(t)-30(arget)-373(was)-373(varied)-373(systematically,)-373(w)-40(ith)-373(attenuations)]TJ T* [(ranging)-221(f)-30(rom)-221(0)-221(dB)-221(\(no)-221(change\))-221(to)-221(14)-221(dB.)-221(This)-221(procedure)-221(allowed)]TJ T* [(us)-615(to)-615(quantif)-30(y)-615(how)-615(the)-615(re)20(sponse)-615(probabilitie)20(s)-615(for)-615(the)-615(t)-30(wo)]TJ T* [(categorie)20(s)-539(\(t)-30(arget-pre)20(sent)-539(and)-539(t)-30(arget-absent\))-539(mapped)-539(to)-539(the)]TJ T* [(physical)-429(energ)-40(y)-429(pre)20(sent)-429(in)-429(the)-429(t)-30(arget.)-429(In)-429(turn,)-429(the)-429(indiv)-40(idual-)]TJ T* [(subject)-246(re)20(sults)-246(f)-30(rom)-246(this)-246(aux)-50(iliar)-60(y)-246(ex)-30(periment)-246(enabled)-246(us)-246(to)-246(map)]TJ T* [(the)-195(re)20(sponse)-195(percent)-30(age)20(s)-195(in)-195(the)-195(main)-195(ex)-30(periment)-195(to)-195(an)-195(\221\221ef)-30(fective)]TJ 0 -1.115 TD [(t)-30(arget)-273(energ)-40(y\222\222)-273(\(the)-273(level)-273(of)-273(the)-273(t)-30(arget,)-273(in)-273(dB,)-273(that)-273(would)-273(lead)-273(to)]TJ T* [(the)-221(obser)-60(ved)-221(re)20(sponse)-221(percent)-30(age)20(s)-221(in)-221(the)-221(aux)-50(iliar)-60(y,)-221(single-object)]TJ T* [(ex)-30(periments\).)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -0.0196 Tc 0 -2.004 TD (Results)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0 -1.337 TD [(For)-440(both)-440(the)-440(tone)20(s)-440(and)-440(vowel)-440(single-object)-440(protot)-30(ype-c)-30(ontrol)]TJ 0 -1.115 TD [(stimuli)-472(in)-472(the)-472(main)-472(ex)-30(periment,)-472(subjects)-472(re)20(sponded)-472(as)-472(if)-472(the)]TJ T* [(t)-30(arget)-286(was)-286(part)-286(of)-286(the)-286(object,)-286(whether)-286(or)-286(not)-286(the)-286(t)-30(arget)-286(location)]TJ 0 -1.114 TD [(matched)-334(that)-334(of)-334(the)-334(attended)-334(object.)-334(Thus,)-334(mismatching)-334(t)-30(arget)]TJ T* [(and)-366(object)-366(spatial)-366(cue)20(s)-366(are)-366(insuf)-30(ficient)-366(to)-366(perceptually)-366(remove)]TJ T* [(the)-241(t)-30(arget)-241(f)-30(rom)-241(either)-241(the)-241(tone)20(s)-241(or)-241(the)-241(vowel)-241(object)-241(if)-241(there)-241(is)-241(no)]TJ T* [(perceptual)-338(c)-30(ompetition)-338(for)-338(the)-338(t)-30(arget.)]TJ 1 -1.114 Td [(The)-589(percent)-30(age)-589(of)-589(\221\221even\222\222)-589(vs.)-589(\221\221galloping\222\222)-589(and)-589(/)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 22.509 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/)-589(vs.)-589(/I/)]TJ -24.015 -1.114 Td [(re)20(sponse)20(s)-224(in)-224(the)-224(dif)-30(ferent)-224(t)-30(wo-stream)-224(c)-30(onditions)-224(were)-224(c)-30(ompared)]TJ T* [(w)-40(ith)-424(the)-424(c)-30(orre)20(sponding)-424(percent)-30(age)20(s)-424(for)-424(the)-424(protot)-30(ype-c)-30(ontrol)]TJ T* [(stimuli)-406(in)-406(the)-406(main)-406(ex)-30(periment)-406(\(either)-406(the)-406(tone)20(s)-406(or)-406(vowels)-406(in)]TJ T* [(isolation\))-474(w)-40(ith)-474(and)-474(w)-40(ithout)-474(the)-474(t)-30(arget)-474(pre)20(sent.)-474(We)-474(extended)]TJ T* [(traditional)-609(signal-detection)-609(theor)-60(y)-609(approache)20(s)-609(to)-609(deter)-30(mine)]TJ T* [(whether)-465(the)-465(re)20(sponse)20(s)-465(to)-465(an)-465(ambiguous,)-465(t)-30(wo-source)-465(stimulus)]TJ 29.167 45.889 Td [(were)-447(closer)-447(to)-447(re)20(sponse)20(s)-447(for)-447(a)-447(single-source)-447(stimulus)-447(w)-40(ith)-447(or)]TJ 0 -1.12 TD [(w)-40(ithout)-248(the)-248(t)-30(arget)-248(pre)20(sent)-248(\(see)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 13.475 0 Td (Methods)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 3.576 0 Td [(\).)-248(Fig.)-248(2)-248(use)20(s)-248(the)-248(relative)]TJ -17.051 -1.12 Td [(perceptual)-534(dist)-30(ance)-534(bet)-30(ween)-534(the)-534(ambiguous)-534(stimuli)-534(and)-534(the)]TJ T* [(t)-30(arget-absent)-390(protot)-30(ype)-390(to)-390(summarize)-390(re)20(sponse)20(s.)-390(A)-390(value)-390(of)-390(0)]TJ 0 -1.12 TD [(indicate)20(s)-421(that)-421(re)20(sponse)-421(percent)-30(age)20(s)-421(for)-421(a)-421(particular)-421(c)-30(ondition)]TJ T* [(equalled)-344(the)-344(re)20(sponse)-344(percent)-30(age)20(s)-344(for)-344(the)-344(t)-30(arget-absent)-344(proto-)]TJ T* [(t)-30(ype.)-285(A)-285(value)-285(of)-285(1)-285(indicate)20(s)-285(that)-285(the)-285(stimulus)-285(was)-285(perceived)-285(like)]TJ T* [(a)-300(spatially)-300(unambiguous)-300(t)-30(arget-pre)20(sent)-300(protot)-30(ype)-300(\(i.e.,)-300(a)-300(single-)]TJ T* [(object)-282(stimulus)-282(in)-282(which)-282(the)-282(t)-30(arget)-283(location)-282(matched)-282(that)-282(of)-283(the)]TJ T* [(attended)-338(vowel)-338(or)-338(tone)20(s;)-338(see)-338(Fig.)-338(2)-338(and)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 17.644 0 Td (Methods)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 3.576 0 Td (\).)Tj -20.22 -1.12 Td [(When)-282(asked)-282(to)-282(judge)-282(the)-282(rhy)-30(thm)-282(of)-282(the)-282(tone)20(s)-282(in)-282(the)-282(pre)20(sence)]TJ -1 -1.12 Td [(of)-397(the)-397(vowels,)-397(the)-397(spatial)-397(cue)20(s)-397(had)-397(a)-397(large)-397(ef)-30(fect,)-397(in)-397(line)-397(w)-40(ith)]TJ 0 -1.12 TD [(earlier)-399(studie)20(s)-399(show)-40(ing)-399(a)-399(large)-399(inf)-90(luence)-399(of)-399(spatial)-399(cue)20(s)-399(when)]TJ T* [(g)-20(rouping)-427(sounds)-427(across)-427(time)-427(\(17,)-427(19\).)-427(The)-427(t)-30(arget)-427(c)-30(ontributed)]TJ T* [(strongly)-406(to)-406(the)-406(tone)20(s)-406(sequence)-406(whenever)-406(the)-406(simulated)-406(t)-30(arget)]TJ T* [(location)-524(matched)-524(that)-524(of)-524(the)-524(tone)20(s,)-524(regardle)20(ss)-524(of)-524(the)-524(vowel)]TJ T* [(location.)-329(When)-329(the)-329(t)-30(arget)-329(location)-329(matched)-329(neither)-329(that)-329(of)-329(the)]TJ T* [(tone)20(s)-277(nor)-277(that)-277(of)-277(the)-277(vowel,)-277(subjects)-277(still)-277(perceived)-277(the)-277(t)-30(arget)-277(as)]TJ T* [(part)-341(of)-341(the)-341(tone)20(s)-341(sequence.)-341(However,)-341(when)-341(the)-341(t)-30(arget)-341(location)]TJ 0 -1.119 TD [(matched)-329(that)-329(of)-329(the)-329(vowel)-329(but)-329(not)-329(the)-329(tone)20(s,)-329(the)-329(t)-30(arget)-329(was)-329(no)]TJ T* [(longer)-436(perceived)-436(as)-436(part)-436(of)-436(the)-436(tone)20(s)-436(sequence,)-436(and)-436(listeners)]TJ T* [(heard)-308(a)-308(galloping)-308(rhy)-30(thm.)-308(Thus,)-308(spatial)-308(cue)20(s)-308(are)-308(strong)-308(enough)]TJ T* [(to)-349(overc)-30(ome)-349(other)-349(g)-20(rouping)-349(cue)20(s)-349(and)-349(perceptually)-349(remove)-349(the)]TJ T* [(t)-30(arget)-200(f)-30(rom)-200(the)-200(attended)-200(tone)20(s)-200(stream.)-200(However,)-200(this)-200(only)-200(oc)-30(curs)]TJ T* [(in)-431(the)-431(most)-431(extreme)-431(case)-431(when)-431(the)-431(spatial)-431(cue)20(s)-431(in)-431(the)-431(t)-30(arget)]TJ T* [(match)-255(those)-255(in)-255(the)-255(backg)-20(round)-255(vowel)-255(and)-255(do)-255(not)-255(match)-255(those)-255(in)]TJ T* [(the)-338(attended)-338(foreg)-20(round)-338(tone)20(s.)]TJ 1 -1.119 Td [(When)-591(asked)-591(to)-591(identif)-30(y)-591(the)-591(perceived)-591(vowel)-591(in)-591(mixture)20(s)]TJ -1 -1.119 Td [(c)-30(ont)-30(ain)-30(ing)-362(c)-30(ompeting)-362(tone)20(s,)-362(spatial)-362(cue)20(s)-362(had)-362(a)-362(much)-362(le)20(ss)-362(pro-)]TJ T* [(nounced)-402(ef)-30(fect.)-402(Moreover,)-402(listeners)-402(never)-402(heard)-402(the)-402(t)-30(arget)-402(as)]TJ T* [(strongly)-433(pre)20(sent)-433(in)-433(the)-433(vowel)-433(\(they)-433(c)-30(onsistently)-433(re)20(sponded)-433(/I/)]TJ T* [(more)-369(of)-30(ten)-369(than)-369(/)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.879 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/,)-369(and)-369(the)-369(re)20(sponse)-369(percent)-30(age)20(s)-369(were)-369(much)]TJ -8.384 -1.119 Td [(more)-364(similar)-364(to)-364(the)-364(re)20(sponse)-364(percent)-30(age)20(s)-364(for)-364(the)-364(/I/)-364(protot)-30(ype)]TJ T* [(than)-382(for)-382(the)-382(/)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.012 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/)-382(protot)-30(ype\).)-382(Even)-382(when)-382(the)-382(spatial)-382(cue)20(s)-382(in)-382(the)]TJ -6.517 -1.119 Td [(t)-30(arget)-187(matched)-187(those)-187(in)-187(the)-187(vowel)-187(and)-187(not)-187(the)-187(tone)20(s,)-187(the)-187(attended)]TJ T* [(vowel)-201(was)-201(perceptually)-201(more)-201(like)-201(the)-201(/I/)-201(\(w)-40(ithout)-201(the)-201(t)-30(arget\))-201(than)]TJ 0 Tc T* (/)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.277 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/)-314(\(w)-40(ith)-314(the)-314(t)-30(arget;)-314(see)-314(fourth)-314(c)-30(ondition)-314(f)-30(rom)-314(the)-314(lef)-30(t)-314(in)-314(Fig.)-314(2)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf -0.782 -1.119 Td (Bottom)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 3.102 0 Td (\).)Tj -2.102 -1.119 Td [(The)-229(re)20(sults)-229(so)-229(far)-229(sugge)20(st)-229(that)-229(the)-229(c)-30(ontribution)-229(of)-229(the)-229(t)-30(arget)-229(to)]TJ -1 -1.119 Td [(the)-519(tone)20(s)-519(doe)20(s)-519(not)-519(predict)-519(its)-519(c)-30(ontribution)-519(to)-519(the)-519(vowel,)-519(in)]TJ 0 -1.119 TD [(apparent)-271(c)-30(ontradiction)-271(to)-271(the)-271(trading)-271(hypothe)20(sis)-271(outlined)-271(in)-271(the)]TJ T* [(introduction.)-189(However,)-189(if)-189(the)-189(perceptual)-189(judgments)-189(of)-189(galloping\226)]TJ ET /Document /MC0 BDC 275.112 577.779 8.566 -1.431 re f 0 0 0 1 K 0.787 w 4 M 0 j 0 J []0 d /GS1 gs 275.112 577.779 8.566 -1.431 re S 275.112 580.752 8.566 -1.431 re f 275.112 580.752 8.566 -1.431 re S 275.112 574.806 8.566 -1.432 re f 275.112 574.806 8.566 -1.432 re S 275.112 571.832 8.566 -1.432 re f 275.112 571.832 8.566 -1.432 re S 275.112 568.858 8.566 -1.431 re f q 53.426 528.884 243.869 211.652 re W n 252.114 582.405 44.788 -16.842 re 275.112 568.858 8.566 -1.431 re S Q 275.112 559.776 8.566 -1.432 re f 275.112 559.776 8.566 -1.432 re S 275.112 562.75 8.566 -1.433 re f 275.112 562.75 8.566 -1.433 re S 275.112 553.828 8.566 -1.431 re f 275.112 553.828 8.566 -1.431 re S 275.112 550.854 8.566 -1.432 re f 275.112 550.854 8.566 -1.432 re S 275.112 541.492 8.566 -1.433 re f 275.112 541.492 8.566 -1.433 re S 275.112 544.466 8.566 -1.432 re f 275.112 544.466 8.566 -1.432 re S 0 0 0 0.2 k 275.112 538.518 8.566 -1.432 re f 275.112 538.518 8.566 -1.432 re S 0 0 0 1 k 275.112 535.546 8.566 -1.433 re f 275.112 535.546 8.566 -1.433 re S 275.112 532.572 8.566 -1.432 re f q 53.426 528.884 243.869 211.652 re W n 252.114 546.119 44.788 -16.842 re 275.112 532.572 8.566 -1.432 re S Q 0 g BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.0357 0 0 5.0357 260.5631 584.6595 Tm (attend )Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 3.058 0 Td (vowel)Tj ET q 53.426 528.884 243.869 211.652 re W n 252.049 564.464 44.788 -16.84 re S Q 0 0 0 1 k 253.42 637.603 8.567 -1.432 re f 253.42 637.603 8.567 -1.432 re S 264.082 637.603 8.567 -1.432 re f 264.082 637.603 8.567 -1.432 re S 274.744 637.603 8.567 -1.432 re f 274.744 637.603 8.567 -1.432 re S 285.969 637.603 8.567 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c 87.812 712.763 l 87.783 712.777 l 88.301 713.632 l f 86.663 713.632 m 87.18 712.781 l 87.151 712.763 l 85.765 713.313 l 85.282 713.42 84.798 713.526 84.315 713.632 c 84.798 713.739 85.282 713.844 85.765 713.951 c 87.151 714.502 l 87.18 714.488 l 86.663 713.632 l f 66.707 696.782 m 83.631 696.782 l S 83.391 696.782 m 82.873 697.633 l 82.903 697.652 l 84.289 697.101 l 84.773 696.994 85.256 696.888 85.739 696.782 c 85.256 696.676 84.773 696.57 84.289 696.463 c 82.903 695.912 l 82.873 695.927 l 83.391 696.782 l f 66.948 696.782 m 67.465 695.931 l 67.436 695.912 l 66.049 696.463 l 65.566 696.57 65.083 696.676 64.6 696.782 c 65.083 696.888 65.566 696.994 66.049 697.101 c 67.436 697.652 l 67.465 697.638 l 66.948 696.782 l f 0 g BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.1269 0 0 5.0357 81.0941 715.9447 Tm (40 ms)Tj -2.369 -5.231 Td (60 ms)Tj 0 6.2435 -6.0429 0 60.0843 685.4247 Tm (Frequency)Tj 6.0429 0 0 6.244 68.9451 677.2318 Tm (Time)Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0002 Tw 5.0357 0 0 5.2032 90.8079 734.3422 Tm (Repeat 10x)Tj 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148.086 597.156 8.567 -1.432 re f 148.086 597.156 8.567 -1.432 re S 148.086 594.182 8.567 -1.431 re f 148.086 594.182 8.567 -1.431 re S 159.311 600.13 8.566 -1.432 re f 124.903 607.729 44.789 -16.839 re 159.311 600.13 8.566 -1.432 re S 0 g BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.0357 0 0 5.0357 61.1039 563.5525 Tm (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw 2.835 0 Td (spatial cue)Tj 0 Tw -1.833 -1.2 Td (matches )Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tc 4.057 0 Td (vowel)Tj 3.718 4.035 Td (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw 2.835 0 Td (spatial cue)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw -2.279 -1.2 Td (matches )Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 4.057 0 Td (tones)Tj ET 102.071 570.19 44.788 -16.841 re S 0 0 0 0.2 k 103.753 544.589 8.566 -1.431 re f 103.753 544.589 8.566 -1.431 re S 114.415 544.589 8.566 -1.431 re f 114.415 544.589 8.566 -1.431 re S 125.077 544.589 8.565 -1.431 re f 125.077 544.589 8.565 -1.431 re S 0 0 0 1 k 125.077 547.984 8.565 -1.432 re f 125.077 547.984 8.565 -1.432 re S 125.008 551.172 8.566 -1.431 re f 125.008 551.172 8.566 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0 0 1 k 170.637 547.984 8.566 -1.432 re f 170.637 547.984 8.566 -1.432 re S 170.569 551.172 8.565 -1.431 re f 170.569 551.172 8.565 -1.431 re S 170.637 538.167 8.566 -1.431 re f 170.637 538.167 8.566 -1.431 re S 170.569 541.358 8.565 -1.431 re f 170.569 541.358 8.565 -1.431 re S 181.862 544.589 8.567 -1.432 re f 181.862 544.589 8.567 -1.432 re S 0 0 0 0.2 k 149.313 562.336 8.565 -1.433 re f 149.313 562.336 8.565 -1.433 re S 159.975 562.336 8.566 -1.433 re f 159.975 562.336 8.566 -1.433 re S 0 0 0 1 k 170.637 562.336 8.566 -1.433 re f 170.637 562.336 8.566 -1.433 re S 170.637 565.729 8.566 -1.432 re f 170.637 565.729 8.566 -1.432 re S 170.569 568.919 8.565 -1.431 re f 170.569 568.919 8.565 -1.431 re S 170.637 555.914 8.566 -1.431 re f 170.637 555.914 8.566 -1.431 re S 170.569 559.104 8.565 -1.432 re f 170.569 559.104 8.565 -1.432 re S 0 0 0 0.2 k 181.862 562.336 8.567 -1.433 re f 147.735 552.19 44.789 -16.842 re 147.735 570.19 44.789 -16.841 re 102.071 552.19 44.788 -16.842 re 181.862 562.336 8.567 -1.433 re S 0 g BT /T1_6 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.05 0 0 7.2846 62.9569 622.3205 Tm (Two-object stimuli)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 5.0357 0 0 5.0357 224.3531 638.8515 Tm (Prototype,)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc -1.612 -1.2 Td (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc 2.835 0 Td (present)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.077 0 0 5.077 208.0841 602.5655 Tm (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 2.835 0 Td (spatial cue)Tj 0 Tc 0.0001 Tw -1.445 -1.2 Td (doesn\325t match)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0 Tw 5.0357 0 0 5.2032 202.0901 681.5946 Tm [(0.5)-1053(1.0)-1002(1.5)-1389(2)-1450(2.5)-1002(3.0)-1003(3.5)-1002(4.0)]TJ -0.0003 Tw 6.0429 0 0 6.244 222.2511 674.0228 Tm (Frequency \(kHz\))Tj ET q 53.426 528.884 243.869 211.652 re W n 0 0 0 0 K 0.393 w 1 j 193.504 687.6 m 193.504 729.796 l 296.819 729.796 l 296.819 687.6 l 193.504 687.6 l S 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 K 0.787 w 205.544 729.796 m 205.544 727.868 l 193.504 729.796 m 193.504 727.868 l 193.504 687.6 m 193.504 689.564 l 193.504 687.6 m 193.504 729.796 l 193.504 687.6 m 296.819 687.6 l 193.504 687.6 m 193.504 729.796 l 193.504 687.6 m 296.819 687.6 l 193.504 729.796 m 296.819 729.796 l S Q 1.18 w 1 j 217.608 687.6 m 217.608 689.564 l S 0.787 w 217.608 729.796 m 217.608 727.868 l S 1.18 w 229.647 687.6 m 229.647 689.564 l S 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 K 0.787 w 241.709 729.796 m 241.709 727.868 l 229.647 729.796 m 229.647 727.868 l S 0 0 0 1 K 1.18 w 253.773 687.6 m 253.773 689.564 l S 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 K 0.787 w 265.812 729.796 m 265.812 727.868 l 253.773 729.796 m 253.773 727.868 l S 0 0 0 1 K 1.18 w 277.876 687.6 m 277.876 689.564 l S 0.787 w 277.876 729.796 m 277.876 727.868 l S q 53.426 528.884 243.869 211.652 re W n 1.18 w 289.915 687.6 m 289.915 689.564 l S 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 K 0.787 w 193.504 687.6 m 193.504 729.796 l 296.819 687.6 m 296.819 729.796 l 193.504 687.6 m 296.819 687.6 l 193.504 729.796 m 296.819 729.796 l 296.819 725.14 m 295.604 725.14 l 193.504 725.14 m 194.697 725.14 l 296.819 715.755 m 295.604 715.755 l 193.504 715.755 m 194.697 715.755 l 296.819 706.37 m 295.604 706.37 l 193.504 706.37 m 194.697 706.37 l 296.819 696.985 m 295.604 696.985 l 193.504 696.985 m 194.697 696.985 l 296.819 687.6 m 295.604 687.6 l 193.504 687.6 m 194.697 687.6 l 296.819 729.796 m 296.819 727.868 l 296.819 687.6 m 296.819 689.564 l 289.915 729.796 m 289.915 727.868 l S Q 1.18 w [1.574 1.574]0 d 205.544 687.563 m 205.544 725.249 l S 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 K []0 d 292.885 687.563 m 292.885 688.8 l 289.915 687.563 m 289.915 690.037 l 286.945 687.563 m 286.945 691.31 l 283.905 687.563 m 283.905 692.646 l 280.846 687.563 m 280.846 694.257 l 277.876 687.563 m 277.876 695.966 l 274.816 687.563 m 274.816 697.858 l 271.844 687.563 m 271.844 700.114 l 268.783 687.563 m 268.783 702.878 l 262.751 687.563 m 262.751 709.389 l 259.78 687.563 m 259.78 708.188 l 256.743 687.563 m 256.743 707.715 l 265.811 687.6 m 265.811 706.83 l 253.772 687.563 m 253.772 708.677 l 250.78 687.563 m 250.78 709.425 l 247.741 687.563 m 247.741 711.79 l 244.681 687.563 m 244.681 715.864 l 241.777 687.563 m 241.777 714.216 l 238.739 687.563 m 238.739 711.353 l 235.677 687.563 m 235.677 710.262 l 232.708 687.563 m 232.708 709.789 l 229.647 687.563 m 229.647 709.752 l 223.639 687.563 m 223.639 710.691 l 226.677 687.563 m 226.677 710.007 l 220.646 687.563 m 220.646 711.39 l 217.608 687.563 m 217.608 712.517 l 214.636 687.563 m 214.636 714.009 l 211.575 687.563 m 211.575 716.046 l 208.516 687.563 m 208.516 718.955 l 202.661 687.563 m 202.661 724.181 l 199.603 687.563 m 199.603 721.938 l 196.542 687.563 m 196.542 721.466 l S BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 6.4046 -6.1987 0 189.3241 690.7894 Tm (Magnitude)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 5.0357 0 0 5.2032 221.6341 734.2997 Tm (target)Tj ET 0 0 0 0.6 k 220.607 733.974 m 210.183 724.763 l f 210.633 725.161 m 213.011 724.424 l 212.989 724.34 l 209.479 723.076 l 208.398 722.475 207.316 721.874 206.235 721.273 c 206.963 722.272 207.694 723.271 208.423 724.27 c 210.108 727.598 l 210.187 727.619 l 210.633 725.161 l f 0 0 0 0.6 K 0 j 220.607 733.974 m 210.183 724.763 l S 210.86 725.361 m 214.424 724.254 l 214.391 724.128 l 209.125 722.232 l 207.504 721.331 205.882 720.43 204.261 719.529 c 205.355 721.028 206.448 722.526 207.542 724.025 c 210.072 729.016 l 210.189 729.048 l 210.86 725.361 l f 0 g BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 5.0357 0 0 5.0357 124.5643 670.4115 Tm (vowel)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 K 0.787 w 160.764 693.377 m 157.619 698.676 l S 0 0 0 1 k 157.926 698.159 m 156.758 695.962 l 156.679 695.999 l 156.093 699.683 l 155.705 700.858 155.317 702.032 154.929 703.207 c 155.774 702.303 156.619 701.401 157.464 700.498 c 160.419 698.219 l 160.425 698.139 l 157.926 698.159 l f 123.674 673.096 m 123.674 678.483 l S 123.674 677.88 m 121.548 676.587 l 121.499 676.661 l 122.876 680.127 l 123.142 681.335 123.408 682.543 123.674 683.751 c 123.939 682.543 124.205 681.335 124.471 680.127 c 125.848 676.661 l 125.812 676.587 l 123.674 677.88 l f 0 g BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.0357 0 0 5.0357 223.6021 621.8945 Tm (Prototype,)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc -1.279 -1.2 Td (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc 2.835 0 Td (absent)Tj 0.0001 Tc 5.711 6.385 Td (attend )Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 3.058 0 Td (tones)Tj -24.664 -14.052 Td (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0001 Tw 2.835 0 Td (spatial cue)Tj -0.0001 Tw -3.502 -1.2 Td (doesn\325t match )Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tw 6.503 0 Td (tones)Tj -23.625 -4.956 Td (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf -0.0001 Tw 2.835 0 Td (spatial cue)Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw -4.279 -1.2 Td (doesn\325t match )Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tw 6.503 0 Td (vowel)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf -0.0002 Tw 8.555 15.016 Td (common control)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 1.25 -1.2 Td (\(no )Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 1.723 0 Td (target)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 2.557 0 Td (\))Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw -5.458 7.469 Td (0 degs)Tj -0.514 -1.268 Td (45 degs)Tj -0.0001 Tc 5.5393 0 0 5.7236 66.5067 646.7108 Tm (HRTF simulation)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0 Tw 1.639 -1.161 Td (\(azimuth\))Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 53.7005 730.2274 Tm (A)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 5.0357 0 0 5.2032 149.9876 717.9022 Tm (target)Tj 0.0001 Tc 5.0357 0 0 5.0357 162.1451 691.3167 Tm (tones)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4086 0 0 6.2946 198.5851 732.5419 Tm (/)Tj /T1_8 1 Tf 3.8451 0 0 3.7768 200.3651 733.1722 Tm (I)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.4086 0 0 6.2946 201.6471 732.5419 Tm (/)Tj 0.805 0.05 Td (/)Tj /T1_9 1 Tf 0.278 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.439 0 Td (/)Tj 5.0357 0 0 5.0357 224.3511 573.8925 Tm (Prototype,)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf -1.612 -1.2 Td (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc 2.835 0 Td (present)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 5.077 0 0 5.077 208.5851 537.6055 Tm (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 2.835 0 Td (spatial cue)Tj -1.445 -1.2 Td (doesn\325t match)Tj 0 Tc 5.0357 0 0 5.0357 224.1041 556.9355 Tm (Prototype,)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc -1.279 -1.2 Td (target )Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc 2.835 0 Td (absent)Tj ET 0 0 0 0.465 K 1.574 w 10 M 1 j 2 J 205.235 731.15 m 207.938 731.15 l S 0 0 0 0.465 k 207.375 731.15 m 206.169 733.134 l 206.237 733.18 l 209.473 731.894 l 210.6 731.646 211.728 731.398 212.855 731.15 c 211.728 730.902 210.6 730.654 209.473 730.406 c 206.237 729.12 l 206.169 729.155 l 207.375 731.15 l f 0 0 0 1 K 204.663 731.15 m 201.961 731.15 l S 0 0 0 1 k 202.523 731.15 m 203.73 729.165 l 203.661 729.12 l 200.426 730.406 l 199.299 730.654 198.171 730.902 197.044 731.15 c 198.171 731.398 199.299 731.646 200.426 731.894 c 203.661 733.18 l 203.73 733.145 l 202.523 731.15 l f BT /T1_7 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 184.0401 729.5013 Tm (B)Tj 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 k /T1_6 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 7.05 0 0 7.2846 201.8801 654.5975 Tm (Single-object control stimuli)Tj 0 0 0 1 k /T1_7 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 53.4261 651.3431 Tm (C)Tj ET EMC /GS0 gs BT /T1_10 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 51.6761 514.8835 Tm [(Fig.)-460(1.)]TJ /T1_11 1 Tf 4.421 0 Td [(Stimuli)-460(and)-460(conditions.)-460(\()]TJ /T1_12 1 Tf 11.825 0 Td (A)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0.722 0 Td [(\))-460(Time-frequency)-460(schematic)-460(of)-460(stimuli.)]TJ -16.967 -1.286 Td [(Stimuli)-280(consist)-280(of)-280(a)-280(3-s-long)-280(repeating)-280(sequence)-280(of)-280(500-Hz)-280(tones,)-280(a)-280(synthetic)]TJ 0 -1.286 TD [(vowel)-472(with)-472(fundamental)-472(frequency)-472(of)-472(125)-472(Hz,)-472(and)-472(a)-472(500-Hz)-472(target)-472(that)]TJ T* [(logically)-442(could)-442(group)-442(with)-442(either)-442(object.)-442(\()]TJ /T1_12 1 Tf 20.264 0 Td (B)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0.611 0 Td [(\))-442(Spectra)-442(shape)-442(of)-442(vowel.)-442(The)]TJ -20.875 -1.286 Td [(spectrum)-185(of)-185(the)-185(synthetic)-185(vowel)-185(was)-185(shaped)-185(to)-185(sound)-185(like)-185(/I/.)-185(If)-185(the)-185(target)-185(tone)]TJ 0 -1.286 TD [(was)-407(perceived)-407(as)-407(part)-407(of)-407(the)-407(vowel,)-407(the)-407(perceived)-407(vowel)-407(category)-407(shifted)]TJ T* [(toward)-153(/)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 3.82 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td [(/.)-153(\()]TJ /T1_12 1 Tf 1.042 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0.611 0 Td [(\))-153(Spatial)-153(con\036gurations)-153(of)-153(stimuli.)-153(The)-153(simulated)-153(spatial)-153(locations)]TJ -5.972 -1.286 Td [(of)-192(the)-192(target)-192(and)-192(repeating)-192(tones)-192(varied)-192(across)-192(conditions.)-192(Control)-192(conditions)]TJ T* [(included)-259(a)-259(case)-259(without)-259(a)-259(target)-259(and)-259(conditions)-259(in)-259(which)-259(there)-259(was)-259(only)-259(one)]TJ T* [(attended)-278(object.)]TJ ET /Document /MC1 BDC 0 0 0 0 K 0.34 w 4 M 0 J /GS1 gs 384.184 669.367 m 384.184 738.88 l 541.204 738.88 l 541.204 669.367 l 384.184 669.367 l S 0 0 0 1 K 0.679 w 384.184 669.367 m 384.184 738.88 l 541.204 669.367 m 541.204 738.88 l 384.184 669.367 m 541.204 669.367 l 384.184 738.88 m 541.204 738.88 l 541.204 733.539 m 539.097 733.539 l 384.184 733.539 m 386.25 733.539 l 541.204 722.856 m 539.097 722.856 l 384.184 722.856 m 386.25 722.856 l 541.204 712.174 m 539.097 712.174 l 384.184 712.174 m 386.25 712.174 l 541.204 701.452 m 539.097 701.452 l 384.184 701.452 m 386.25 701.452 l 541.204 690.77 m 539.097 690.77 l 384.184 690.77 m 386.25 690.77 l 541.204 680.088 m 539.097 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640.988 3.948 -1.452 re f 423.725 640.988 3.948 -1.452 re S 428.898 647.008 3.948 -1.448 re f 413.122 654.703 20.64 -17.052 re 428.898 647.008 3.948 -1.448 re S 440.176 647.009 3.946 -1.449 re f 440.176 647.009 3.946 -1.449 re S 450.002 650.019 3.947 -1.449 re f 450.002 650.019 3.947 -1.449 re S 445.088 647.009 3.947 -1.449 re f 445.088 647.009 3.947 -1.449 re S 450.002 653.029 3.947 -1.449 re f 450.002 653.029 3.947 -1.449 re S 0 0 0 0 k 450.002 647.009 3.947 -1.449 re f 0 0 0 0.2 k 450.002 647.009 3.947 -1.449 re f 450.002 647.009 3.947 -1.449 re S 0 0 0 1 k 450.002 643.999 3.947 -1.451 re f 450.002 643.999 3.947 -1.451 re S 450.002 640.988 3.947 -1.452 re f 450.002 640.988 3.947 -1.452 re S 455.175 647.008 3.946 -1.448 re f 439.374 654.703 20.64 -17.052 re 455.175 647.008 3.946 -1.448 re S 0 0 0 0.2 k 387.671 647.008 3.947 -1.45 re f 387.671 647.008 3.947 -1.45 re f 387.671 647.008 3.947 -1.45 re S 0 0 0 1 k 397.497 650.019 3.947 -1.449 re f 397.497 650.019 3.947 -1.449 re S 0 0 0 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547.224 l 527.991 622.753 m 527.991 620.686 l 527.991 547.224 m 527.991 549.327 l 501.869 622.753 m 501.869 620.686 l 501.869 547.224 m 501.869 549.327 l 475.785 622.753 m 475.785 620.686 l 475.785 547.224 m 475.785 549.327 l 449.664 622.753 m 449.664 620.686 l 449.664 547.224 m 449.664 549.327 l 423.581 622.753 m 423.581 620.686 l 423.581 547.224 m 423.581 549.327 l 397.459 622.753 m 397.459 620.686 l S Q 384.438 617.411 m 541.016 617.411 l 384.786 563.96 m 541.764 563.96 l S [1.358 2.716]0 d 384.695 590.483 m 541.884 590.483 l S 334.57 645.766 3.948 -1.448 re f []0 d 334.57 645.766 3.948 -1.448 re S 0 0 0 0 k 334.57 636.486 3.948 -1.449 re f 0 0 0 0.2 k 334.57 636.486 3.948 -1.449 re f 334.57 636.486 3.948 -1.449 re S 1.358 w 1 j 421.69 723.884 m 425.355 723.884 l 421.69 729.498 m 425.355 729.498 l 423.523 729.498 m 423.523 723.884 l 447.757 717.88 m 451.422 717.88 l 447.757 727.549 m 451.422 727.549 l 449.589 727.549 m 449.589 717.88 l 473.822 679.576 m 477.486 679.576 l 473.822 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568.921 c 424.493 568.921 425.076 568.337 425.076 567.617 c f 425.076 567.617 m 425.076 566.895 424.493 566.312 423.771 566.312 c 423.051 566.312 422.467 566.895 422.467 567.617 c 422.467 568.337 423.051 568.921 423.771 568.921 c 424.493 568.921 425.076 568.337 425.076 567.617 c h S 0 g BT /T1_5 1 Tf 6.1121 0 0 6.1121 317.3631 735.5864 Tm (target)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 2.557 0 Td ( present prototype)Tj 1.335 -1.2 Td (\322even\323)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf -3.892 -17.967 Td (target)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 2.557 0 Td ( present prototype)Tj 2.254 -1.2 Td (/)Tj /T1_9 1 Tf 0.278 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.439 0 Td (/)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf -5.195 -7.744 Td (target)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 2.557 0 Td ( absent prototype)Tj 2.169 -1.2 Td (/)Tj /T1_8 1 Tf 5.0934 0 0 5.0934 349.9813 556.9445 Tm (I)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 6.1121 0 0 6.1121 351.6781 556.4355 Tm (/)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf -5.281 20.366 Td (target)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 2.557 0 Td ( absent prototype)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.251 -1.2 Td (\322galloping\323)Tj -0.0003 Tw 1.446 -4.994 Td (0\373 azimuth)Tj -0.583 -1.389 Td (45\373 azimuth)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 4.0747 0 0 4.0747 391.1224 664.1083 Tm (match)Tj 0.139 -1.2 Td (tones)Tj 6.32 1.2 Td (match)Tj 0.138 -1.2 Td (tones)Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0004 Tw 5.055 1.2 Td (don\325t match)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 1.362 -1.2 Td (tones)Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0004 Tw 5.139 1.2 Td (don\325t match)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 1.362 -1.2 Td (tones)Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0005 Tw -20.403 -7.092 Td (don\325t match)Tj 0.0002 Tc 0 Tw 1.057 -1.2 Td (vowels)Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0004 Tw 11.777 1.2 Td (don\325t match)Tj 0.0002 Tc 0 Tw 1.056 -1.2 Td (vowels)Tj 0 Tc -6.167 1.2 Td (match)Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.167 -1.2 Td (vowels)Tj 0 Tc 12.75 1.2 Td (match)Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.167 -1.2 Td (vowels)Tj 0 Tc 6.286 7.98 Td (control:)Tj 0.0002 Tw -0.334 -1.2 Td (no target)Tj 0 Tw 12.001 -1.188 Td (control:)Tj -0.0005 Tw -0.945 -1.2 Td (don\325t match)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0 Tw 9.1681 0 0 9.1681 336.4691 710.8979 Tm (Judge)Tj 0 Tc 0 -1.2 TD (tones)Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0003 Tw 8.1494 0 0 8.1494 315.9261 651.3046 Tm (Stimulus Condition)Tj 0 Tw 6.1121 0 0 6.1121 373.58 720.627 Tm (0.8)Tj 0 -1.722 TD (0.6)Tj 0 -1.75 TD (0.4)Tj 0 -1.806 TD (0.2)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 0 Tc 23.417 0.028 Td (n = 8)Tj 0 -18.944 TD (n = 8)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 9.1681 0 0 9.1681 336.3001 595.1066 Tm (Judge)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (vowels)Tj 6.1121 0 0 6.1121 373.4105 604.8355 Tm (0.8)Tj 0 -1.722 TD (0.6)Tj 0 -1.75 TD (0.4)Tj 0 -1.805 TD (0.2)Tj ET EMC 0 0 0 1 k /GS0 gs BT /T1_10 1 Tf 0 Tc 7 0 0 7 314.1761 532.8835 Tm [(Fig.)-256(2.)]TJ /T1_11 1 Tf 4.013 0 Td [(Spatial)-256(cues)-256(have)-256(a)-256(large)-256(effect)-256(on)-256(perception)-256(of)-256(the)-256(tones)-256(but)-256(have)]TJ -4.013 -1.286 Td [(very)-311(little)-311(effect)-311(on)-311(perception)-311(of)-311(the)-311(vowel.)-311(Across-subject)-311(averages)-311(of)-311(the)]TJ 0 -1.286 TD [(relative)-213(perceptual)-213(distance)-213(of)-213(each)-213(condition)-213(to)-213(single-object)-213(prototypes)-213(are)]TJ T* [(shown)-278(\(error)-278(bars)-278(show)-278(the)-278(standard)-278(error)-278(of)-278(the)-278(mean\).)]TJ /T1_10 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 51.6761 39.8835 Tm (12224)Tj /T1_13 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 75.7468 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 83.9114 39.8835 Tm (www.pnas.org)Tj /T1_13 1 Tf 6.833 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (cgi)Tj /T1_13 1 Tf 1.333 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (doi)Tj /T1_13 1 Tf 1.5 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (10.1073)Tj /T1_13 1 Tf 3.614 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (pnas.0704641104)Tj 46.683 0 Td (Shinn-Cunningham)Tj /T1_12 1 Tf 9.222 0 Td [(et)-278(al.)]TJ ET q /GS2 gs 19 0 0 815.5 9 9 cm /Im0 Do Q q /GS2 gs 19 0 0 815.5 9 9 cm /Im1 Do Q endstream endobj 136 0 obj << /BG2 /Default /TR2 /Default /Type /ExtGState /SA true /UCR2 /Default /SM 0.02 >> endobj 138 0 obj << /BG2 /Default /TR2 /Default /SA false /UCR2 /Default /SM 1 >> endobj 140 0 obj << /Length 60918 >> stream 0 0 0 0.2 k 1 i /GS0 gs 573.676 443.384 38.324 -66 re f 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 51.6761 401.8835 Tm [(even)-282(and)-282(/I/\226/)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 5.899 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/)-283(have)-282(a)-282(dif)-30(ferent)-283(dependence)-282(on)-282(the)-282(t)-30(arget)-283(level)]TJ -6.404 -1.135 Td [(\(e.g.,)-377(if)-377(the)-377(categor)-60(y)-377(boundar)-60(y)-377(is)-377(steep)-377(as)-377(a)-377(function)-377(of)-377(t)-30(arget)]TJ 0 -1.135 TD [(level)-478(for)-478(one)-478(judgment)-478(and)-478(shallow)-478(for)-478(the)-478(other\),)-478(then)-478(the)]TJ T* [(re)20(sponse)-403(categor)-60(y)-403(percent)-30(age)20(s)-403(in)-403(the)-403(t)-30(wo)-403(t)-30(asks)-403(w)-40(ill)-403(not)-403(trade)]TJ T* [(quantit)-30(atively,)-311(even)-311(if)-311(the)-311(energ)-40(y-trading)-311(hypothe)20(sis)-311(holds.)-311(The)]TJ 0 -1.135 TD [(aux)-50(iliar)-60(y)-264(ex)-30(periment)-264(allowed)-264(us)-264(to)-264(quantif)-30(y)-264(the)-264(deg)-20(ree)-264(to)-264(which)]TJ T* [(the)-239(re)20(sults)-239(in)-239(the)-239(first)-239(ex)-30(periment)-239(obeyed)-239(the)-239(trading)-239(hypothe)20(sis.)]TJ T* [(Using)-348(re)20(sults)-348(f)-30(rom)-348(the)-348(aux)-50(iliar)-60(y)-348(ex)-30(periment,)-348(we)-348(calculated)-348(the)]TJ T* [(ef)-30(fective)-447(intensit)-30(y)-447(of)-447(the)-447(t)-30(arget)-447(c)-30(orre)20(sponding)-447(to)-447(the)-447(raw)-447(re-)]TJ T* [(sponse)-468(percent)-30(age)20(s)-468(\(i.e.,)-468(even\226)-90(galloping)-468(re)20(sponse)-468(percent)-30(age)]TJ T* [(for)-256(the)-256(tone)20(s)-256(or)-256(/)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.192 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/\226/I/)-256(re)20(sponse)-256(percent)-30(age)-256(for)-256(the)-256(vowel\))-256(in)-256(the)]TJ -7.697 -1.135 Td [(main)-582(ex)-30(periment.)-582(The)-582(percent)-30(age)-582(of)-582(trials)-582(in)-582(the)-582(aux)-50(iliar)-60(y)]TJ T* [(ex)-30(periment)-356(in)-356(which)-356(listeners)-356(re)20(sponded)-356(even)-356(vs.)-356(galloping)-356(\(in)]TJ T* [(the)-570(tone)20(s)-570(c)-30(ondition\))-570(or)-570(/)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 11.689 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.505 0 Td [(/)-570(vs.)-570(/I/)-570(\(in)-570(the)-570(vowel)-570(c)-30(ondition\))]TJ -12.194 -1.135 Td [(prov)-40(ided)-273(a)-273(subject-specific)-273(mapping)-273(bet)-30(ween)-273(t)-30(arget)-273(attenuation)]TJ T* [(and)-348(a)-348(c)-30(orre)20(sponding)-348(re)20(sponse)-348(percent)-30(age.)-348(The)20(se)-348(psychometric)]TJ 0 -1.135 TD [(functions)-351(relating)-351(re)20(sponse)-351(percent)-30(age)20(s)-351(to)-351(the)-351(physical)-351(attenu-)]TJ T* [(ation)-212(of)-212(the)-212(t)-30(arget)-212(were)-212(generally)-212(well)-212(behaved;)-212(increasing)-212(t)-30(arget)]TJ T* [(attenuation)-552(systematically)-552(increased)-552(the)-552(probabilit)-30(y)-552(that)-552(the)]TJ T* [(listeners)-618(re)20(sponded)-618(as)-618(if)-618(the)-618(t)-30(arget)-618(were)-618(absent)-618(f)-30(rom)-618(the)]TJ T* [(attended)-360(object)-360(\(see)-360(Fig.)-360(3)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 12.179 0 Td (A)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.055 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.963 0 Td (B)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.018 0 Td [(for)-360(example)-360(psychometric)]TJ -16.215 -1.135 Td [(functions)-421(f)-30(rom)-421(the)-421(tone)20(s)-421(and)-421(vowels)-421(c)-30(ontrol)-421(ex)-30(periments,)-421(re-)]TJ T* (spectively\).)Tj 1 -1.134 Td [(For)-539(each)-539(subject)-539(and)-539(stimulus)-539(c)-30(ondition,)-539(we)-539(mapped)-539(the)]TJ -1 -1.134 Td [(percent)-374(re)20(sponse)20(s)-374(obt)-30(ained)-374(in)-374(the)-374(main)-374(ex)-30(periment)-374(to)-374(an)-374(\221\221ef-)]TJ 0 -1.134 TD [(fective)-263(t)-30(arget)-263(attenuation\222\222)-263(and)-263(c)-30(ompared)-263(the)-263(re)20(sulting)-263(ef)-30(fective)]TJ T* [(attenuations)-350(for)-350(physically)-350(identical)-350(stimuli)-350(in)-350(the)-350(attend-tone)20(s)]TJ T* [(and)-348(attend-vowel)-348(blocks)-348(\(see)-348(Fig.)-348(3,)-348(in)-348(which)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 20.195 0 Td (A)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.043 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.951 0 Td (B)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.006 0 Td (demon-)Tj -24.193 -1.134 Td [(strate)-310(how)-310(the)-310(ef)-30(fective)-310(attenuations)-310(of)-310(the)-310(t)-30(arget)-310(are)-310(obt)-30(ained)]TJ 0 -1.134 TD [(for)-221(one)-221(subject,)-221(listen)-30(ing)-221(to)-221(either)-221(the)-221(tone)20(s)-221(or)-221(the)-221(vowel,)-221(for)-221(one)]TJ 0 -1.134 TD [(example)-403(c)-30(ondition;)-403(the)20(se)-403(value)20(s)-403(are)-403(projected)-403(to)-403(the)-403(ordinate)]TJ T* [(and)-187(abscissa)-187(in)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.413 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.706 0 Td [(,)-187(re)20(spectively,)-187(producing)-187(the)-187(open)-187(g)-20(ray)-187(triangle\).)]TJ -6.119 -1.134 Td [(A)-339(pure)-339(energ)-40(y)-339(trading)-339(relationship)-339(for)-339(the)-339(t)-30(arget\222s)-339(c)-30(ontribu-)]TJ -1 -1.134 Td [(tion)-305(to)-305(the)-305(vowel)-305(and)-305(the)-305(tone)20(s)-305(would)-305(produce)-305(dat)-30(a)-305(points)-305(that)]TJ 29.167 37.444 Td [(lie)-303(along)-303(the)-303(solid)-303(thick)-303(cur)-60(ve)-303(in)-303(Fig.)-303(3)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 16.801 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.706 0 Td [(.)-303(Dat)-30(a)-303(would)-303(fall)-303(along)]TJ -17.507 -1.136 Td [(the)-362(dashed)-362(line)-362(if)-362(an)-362(amplitude-trading)-362(relationship)-362(holds)-362(\(15,)]TJ 0 -1.136 TD [(16\).)-204(If)-204(the)-204(tone)20(s)-204(caused)-204(an)-204(ef)-30(fective)-204(attenuation)-204(of)-204(the)-204(t)-30(arget)-204(that)]TJ T* [(reduced)-503(its)-503(c)-30(ontribution)-503(to)-503(the)-503(vowels)-503(\(20,)-503(21\))-503(through,)-503(for)]TJ T* [(inst)-30(ance,)-246(neural)-246(adapt)-30(ation,)-246(the)-246(dat)-30(a)-246(would)-246(fall)-246(along)-246(one)-246(of)-246(the)]TJ T* [(family)-319(of)-319(cur)-60(ve)20(s)-319(shown)-319(by)-319(the)-319(thin)-319(line)20(s)-319(in)-319(Fig.)-319(3)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 21.284 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.025 0 Td (\(see)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 2.092 0 Td (Discus-)Tj -24.401 -1.136 Td (sion)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.718 0 Td [(\).)-218(None)-218(of)-218(the)20(se)-218(predictions)-218(can)-218(fully)-218(ac)-30(c)-30(ount)-218(for)-218(our)-218(re)20(sults.)]TJ -0.718 -1.136 Td [(When)-371(the)-371(spatial)-371(location)-371(of)-371(the)-371(t)-30(arget)-371(matched)-371(that)-371(of)-371(the)]TJ -1 -1.136 Td [(tone)20(s)-300(but)-300(not)-300(the)-300(vowel)-300(\(Fig.)-300(3)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 13.352 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.706 0 Td [(,)-300(filled)-300(triangle\),)-300(the)-300(t)-30(arget)-300(was)]TJ -14.058 -1.135 Td [(perceived)-200(almost)-200(exclusively)-200(as)-200(part)-200(of)-200(the)-200(tone)20(s)-200(sequence,)-200(in)-200(line)]TJ 0 -1.135 TD [(w)-40(ith)-364(ex)-30(pect)-30(ations)-364(that)-364(are)-364(based)-364(on)-364(energ)-40(y)-364(trading.)-364(When)-364(the)]TJ T* [(spatial)-256(location)-256(of)-256(the)-256(t)-30(arget)-256(matched)-256(that)-256(of)-256(both)-256(the)-256(tone)20(s)-256(and)]TJ T* [(the)-203(vowel)-203(\(filled)-203(circle\))-203(or)-203(matched)-203(neither)-203(\(open)-203(triangle\),)-203(there)]TJ T* [(was)-238(a)-238(tendenc)-30(y)-238(to)-238(assign)-238(more)-238(of)-238(the)-238(t)-30(arget)-238(to)-238(the)-238(vowel)-238(and)-238(le)20(ss)]TJ T* [(to)-203(the)-203(tone)20(s)-203(\(i.e.,)-203(the)-203(ef)-30(fective)-203(t)-30(arget)-203(attenuation)-203(decrease)20(s)-203(in)-203(the)]TJ 0 -1.135 TD [(vowel)-230(t)-30(ask)-230(and)-230(increase)20(s)-230(in)-230(the)-230(tone)20(s)-230(t)-30(ask\).)-230(Re)20(sults)-230(for)-230(the)20(se)-230(t)-30(wo)]TJ T* [(c)-30(onditions)-505(can)-505(be)-505(fit)-505(well)-505(by)-505(assuming)-505(that)-505(the)-505(tone)20(s)-505(cause)]TJ T* [(adapt)-30(ation)-400(that)-400(ef)-30(fectively)-400(reduce)20(s)-400(the)-400(t)-30(arget)-400(level)-400(by)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 0 Tc 24.275 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.838 0 Td [(4)-400(dB.)]TJ -25.113 -1.135 Td [(However,)-225(when)-225(the)-225(spatial)-225(location)-225(of)-225(the)-225(t)-30(arget)-225(matched)-225(that)-225(of)]TJ T* [(the)-309(vowel)-309(but)-309(not)-309(the)-309(tone)20(s)-309(\(Fig.)-309(3)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.097 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.706 0 Td [(,)-309(open)-309(circle\),)-309(the)-309(ef)-30(fective)]TJ -15.803 -1.135 Td [(level)-355(of)-355(the)-355(t)-30(arget)-355(was)-355(attenuated)-355(by)-355(9)-355(dB)-355(or)-355(more)-355(both)-355(when)]TJ T* [(the)-213(listeners)-213(attended)-213(to)-213(the)-213(tone)20(s)-213(and)-213(when)-213(they)-213(attended)-213(to)-213(the)]TJ T* [(vowel.)-535(In)-535(fact,)-535(in)-535(both)-535(t)-30(asks,)-535(re)20(sponse)20(s)-535(were)-535(similar)-535(to)-535(the)]TJ T* [(re)20(sponse)20(s)-553(to)-553(the)-553(c)-30(ontrol)-553(c)-30(ondition)-553(in)-553(which)-553(the)-553(t)-30(arget)-553(was)]TJ T* [(physically)-338(absent)-338(\(c)-30(ompare)-338(open)-338(circle)-338(and)-338(cross)-338(in)-338(Fig.)-338(3)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 25.422 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.706 0 Td (\).)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf -0.0196 Tc -26.128 -2.024 Td (Discussion)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0 -1.357 TD [(We)-389(find)-389(that)-389(in)-389(situations)-389(of)-389(perceptual)-389(c)-30(ompetition,)-389(the)-389(per-)]TJ 0 -1.135 TD [(ceptual)-195(c)-30(oherence)-195(bet)-30(ween)-195(a)-195(sound)-195(element)-195(\(the)-195(t)-30(arget\))-195(and)-195(one)]TJ T* [(object)-346(\(the)-346(vowel\))-346(can)-346(be)-346(suf)-30(ficient)-346(to)-346(prevent)-346(the)-346(t)-30(arget)-346(f)-30(rom)]TJ T* [(binding)-357(w)-40(ith)-357(another)-357(object)-357(\(the)-357(tone)20(s\))-357(but)-357(still)-357(insuf)-30(ficient)-357(to)]TJ T* [(bind)-288(the)-288(element)-288(w)-40(ith)-288(the)-288(first)-288(object.)-288(In)-288(one)-288(of)-288(our)-288(c)-30(onditions,)]TJ T* [(this)-215(re)20(sults)-215(in)-215(the)-215(t)-30(arget)-215(element)-215(falling)-215(into)-215(a)-215(for)-30(m)-215(of)-215(perceptual)]TJ T* [(limbo,)-231(where)-231(it)-231(belongs)-231(to)-231(neither)-231(c)-30(ompeting)-231(object.)-231(The)-231(finding)]TJ ET /Document /MC0 BDC 0 0 0 1 K 1.206 w 10 M 1 j 0 J []0 d /GS1 gs 395.785 623.448 m 381.185 623.938 l 371.32 624.523 l 364.416 625.081 l 359.121 625.664 l 354.853 626.247 l 351.284 626.807 l 348.229 627.391 l 345.547 627.974 l 343.191 628.534 l 341.092 629.117 l 339.18 629.7 l 337.453 630.26 l 335.892 630.841 l 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220.549 632.812 m 220.124 632.812 219.778 633.167 219.778 633.599 c 219.778 634.034 220.124 634.385 220.549 634.385 c 220.976 634.385 221.322 634.034 221.322 633.599 c 221.322 633.167 220.976 632.812 220.549 632.812 c S 220.549 618.049 m 220.124 618.049 219.778 618.403 219.778 618.836 c 219.778 619.27 220.124 619.624 220.549 619.624 c 220.976 619.624 221.322 619.27 221.322 618.836 c 221.322 618.403 220.976 618.049 220.549 618.049 c f 220.549 618.049 m 220.124 618.049 219.778 618.403 219.778 618.836 c 219.778 619.27 220.124 619.624 220.549 619.624 c 220.976 619.624 221.322 619.27 221.322 618.836 c 221.322 618.403 220.976 618.049 220.549 618.049 c S 0 0 0 1 K 0.804 w 10 M 301.27 575.203 m 386.322 575.203 l 301.27 520.716 m 386.322 520.716 l 210.438 619.12 m 210.438 620.188 l 210.438 704.444 m 210.438 703.384 l 200.534 619.12 m 200.534 620.188 l 200.534 704.444 m 200.534 703.384 l 190.61 619.12 m 190.61 620.188 l 190.61 704.444 m 190.61 703.384 l 180.706 619.12 m 180.706 620.188 l 180.706 704.444 m 180.706 703.384 l 170.803 619.12 m 170.803 620.188 l 170.803 704.444 m 170.803 703.384 l 168.317 646.012 m 170.482 646.012 l 222.806 646.012 m 220.663 646.012 l 168.317 669.769 m 170.482 669.769 l 222.806 669.769 m 220.663 669.769 l 168.317 692.233 m 170.482 692.233 l 222.806 692.233 m 220.663 692.233 l 168.317 704.306 m 222.806 704.306 l 168.317 619.253 m 222.806 619.253 l 168.317 704.306 m 168.317 619.253 l 222.806 704.306 m 222.806 619.145 l S 0 0 0 1 k 300.566 575.203 0.803 -54.49 re f 385.614 575.203 0.803 -54.49 re f 300.833 533.083 m 301.904 533.083 l 386.157 533.083 m 385.098 533.083 l 300.833 542.986 m 301.904 542.986 l 386.157 542.986 m 385.098 542.986 l 300.833 552.911 m 301.904 552.911 l 386.157 552.911 m 385.098 552.911 l 300.833 562.815 m 301.904 562.815 l 386.157 562.815 m 385.098 562.815 l 300.833 572.718 m 301.904 572.718 l 386.157 572.718 m 385.098 572.718 l 327.081 575.203 m 327.081 573.039 l 327.081 520.716 m 327.081 522.859 l 350.197 575.203 m 350.197 573.039 l 350.197 520.716 m 350.197 522.859 l 373.946 575.203 m 373.946 573.039 l 373.946 520.716 m 373.946 522.859 l 301.27 575.203 m 385.776 575.203 l S 385.101 523.578 1.056 -0.801 re f 300.834 523.578 1.07 -0.801 re f BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0 6.622 -6.6048 0 166.0863 688.7582 Tm (12)Tj 0 Tc -3.083 0 Td (8)Tj -3.7 0 Td (4)Tj -3.971 0 Td (0)Tj 6.4307 0 0 6.4307 303.6041 507.1405 Tm [(Atten)13(ua)25(tion of)-112( tar)25(g)25(et \(dB\))]TJ 0.0001 Tc 6.622 0 0 6.6048 369.9482 513.7505 Tm (12)Tj 0 Tc -3.221 -0.052 Td (8)Tj -3.68 0.032 Td (4)Tj -3.972 -0.013 Td (0)Tj ET 0 0 0 0.7 K 4 M 0 j [2.412 2.412]0 d 219.362 632.919 m 339.692 632.919 l S [3.215 1.608 0.804 1.608]0 d 339.71 547.037 m 339.71 631.843 l 300.778 547.44 m 339.812 547.44 l S BT /T1_6 1 Tf 7.2345 0 0 7.2345 408.0321 533.1275 Tm [(Ef)18(fective target )]TJ 0.99 -1.2 Td (attenuation)Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw 0.529 -1.2 Td ( in vowel)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 171.72 582.389 m 214.116 616.281 l f 213.636 615.896 m 211.248 616.768 l 211.275 616.854 l 214.92 617.964 l 216.054 618.523 217.187 619.083 218.321 619.641 c 217.526 618.659 216.732 617.676 215.937 616.693 c 214.05 613.383 l 213.969 613.367 l 213.636 615.896 l f [2.412 2.412]0 d 171.72 582.389 m 214.116 616.281 l S 0 0 0 0.7 k 213.636 615.896 m 211.248 616.768 l 211.275 616.854 l 214.92 617.964 l 216.054 618.523 217.187 619.083 218.321 619.641 c 217.526 618.659 216.732 617.676 215.937 616.693 c 214.05 613.383 l 213.969 613.367 l 213.636 615.896 l f [3.215 1.608 0.804 1.608]0 d 219.596 530.234 m 295.955 547.44 l S 295.356 547.305 m 293.59 549.133 l 293.651 549.198 l 297.415 548.604 l 298.679 548.611 299.942 548.617 301.206 548.622 c 300.062 548.088 298.917 547.552 297.774 547.015 c 294.627 544.864 l 294.547 544.883 l 295.356 547.305 l f [2.412 2.412]0 d 233.581 674.99 m 225.987 638.776 l S 226.113 639.378 m 228.51 640.224 l 228.543 640.141 l 226.439 636.964 l 225.92 635.812 225.401 634.659 224.883 633.508 c 224.87 634.771 224.858 636.034 224.845 637.299 c 224.195 641.054 l 224.247 641.119 l 226.113 639.378 l f 0 0 0 0 k 165.278 604.837 59.162 -7.285 re f 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 6.3104 0 0 6.4307 163.8885 599.6605 Tm [(P)38(er)26(cent \322Galloping\323)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw 0 7.7168 -7.7168 0 268.7911 640.4344 Tm [(Ef)-37(f)13(ectiv)12(e tar)24(g)25(et)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0 Tw 0.992 -1.2 Td [(a)25(tten)13(u)1(a)24(tion)]TJ 0 Tc -0.328 -1.2 Td (in tones \(dB\))Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw 0 6.4307 -6.4307 0 158.0911 618.9905 Tm [(Atten)13(ua)25(tion of)-112( tar)26(g)25(et \(dB\))]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 6.6061 0 0 6.6061 295.8882 631.6325 Tm (2)Tj -0.773 -15.357 Td (20)Tj ET q 144.676 488.884 323.505 251.382 re W n 1.608 w []0 d 257.719 580.294 m 468.181 580.294 l 257.719 579.961 m 257.719 738.271 l 145.181 489.51 m 257.719 580.294 l S Q BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0 6.6061 -6.6061 0 192.1937 610.0745 Tm (60)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 335.262 617.588 6.86 -5.997 re f 0 0 0 0 K 1 J []0 d 335.262 617.588 6.86 -5.997 re S 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_5 1 Tf 6.6061 0 0 6.6061 337.1331 612.7865 Tm (6)Tj ET 0 0 0 0.7 K 0 J [3.215 1.608 0.804 1.608]0 d 410.1 541.411 m 347.401 572.362 l S 0 0 0 0.7 k 347.952 572.089 m 348.176 569.557 l 348.087 569.544 l 345.534 572.375 l 344.547 573.164 343.561 573.953 342.574 574.744 c 343.801 574.442 345.029 574.138 346.255 573.835 c 350.054 573.53 l 350.104 573.463 l 347.952 572.089 l f 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_5 1 Tf -0.0001 Tw 5.7876 0 0 5.7876 261.4541 717.7177 Tm [(tar)25(g)25(et in v)13(ow)13(el)]TJ 0 Tw 0 -1.2 TD [(b)13(ut not tones)]TJ 0.0003 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0 6.4307 -6.4307 0 282.8051 545.7995 Tm [(P)38(er)26(cent /)]TJ /T1_7 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 4.312 0 Td (I)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 0.333 0 Td (/)Tj ET 0 0.988 1 0 k 370.385 629.047 m 370.335 628.997 l 370.286 629.047 l 370.335 629.098 l 370.385 629.047 l f 370.385 624.211 m 370.335 624.163 l 370.286 624.211 l 370.335 624.26 l 370.385 624.211 l f 357.262 709.29 m 357.213 709.241 l 357.164 709.29 l 357.213 709.339 l 357.262 709.29 l f 357.262 694.5 m 357.213 694.451 l 357.164 694.5 l 357.213 694.548 l 357.262 694.5 l f 348.781 654.027 m 348.731 653.978 l 348.683 654.027 l 348.731 654.076 l 348.781 654.027 l f 354.449 640.317 m 354.402 640.268 l 354.352 640.317 l 354.402 640.366 l 354.449 640.317 l f 375.821 697.317 m 375.773 697.268 l 375.723 697.317 l 375.773 697.365 l 375.821 697.317 l f 0 0 0 1 K 1.206 w 1 J [0.804 3.215]0 d 396.026 641.799 m 395.44 641.832 l 394.854 641.865 l 394.284 641.897 l 393.698 641.93 l 393.113 641.962 l 392.544 642.011 l 391.956 642.043 l 391.371 642.077 l 390.785 642.109 l 390.216 642.157 l 389.631 642.192 l 389.045 642.24 l 388.475 642.273 l 387.889 642.321 l 387.303 642.37 l 386.718 642.403 l 386.149 642.452 l 385.563 642.5 l 384.977 642.549 l 384.39 642.598 l 383.821 642.648 l 383.236 642.712 l 382.65 642.762 l 382.079 642.81 l 381.494 642.876 l 380.908 642.925 l 380.322 642.99 l 379.753 643.055 l 379.167 643.103 l 378.582 643.169 l 377.996 643.234 l 377.426 643.299 l 376.841 643.381 l 376.254 643.446 l 375.685 643.528 l 375.099 643.593 l 374.513 643.675 l 373.928 643.756 l 373.36 643.837 l 372.773 643.92 l 372.187 644 l 371.601 644.081 l 371.03 644.18 l 370.446 644.262 l 369.86 644.36 l 369.29 644.456 l 368.705 644.556 l 368.117 644.669 l 367.533 644.766 l 366.963 644.881 l 366.377 644.995 l 365.792 645.109 l 365.206 645.223 l 364.636 645.338 l 364.051 645.467 l 363.464 645.598 l 362.895 645.728 l 362.31 645.859 l 361.723 646.006 l 361.139 646.153 l 360.57 646.299 l 359.983 646.445 l 359.398 646.609 l 358.811 646.756 l 358.241 646.935 l 357.656 647.099 l 357.07 647.278 l 356.5 647.457 l 355.914 647.653 l 355.328 647.832 l 354.743 648.044 l 354.174 648.239 l 353.587 648.451 l 353.003 648.679 l 352.415 648.891 l 351.846 649.136 l 351.261 649.38 l 350.674 649.625 l 350.106 649.886 l 349.521 650.146 l 348.934 650.425 l 348.348 650.701 l 347.779 650.995 l 347.193 651.305 l 346.607 651.614 l 346.021 651.94 l 345.451 652.282 l 344.865 652.641 l 344.28 653 l 343.71 653.374 l 343.124 653.782 l 342.538 654.191 l 341.953 654.614 l 341.383 655.053 l 340.798 655.51 l 340.211 655.999 l 339.625 656.505 l 339.056 657.027 l 338.47 657.581 l 337.885 658.151 l 337.316 658.754 l 336.73 659.391 l 336.144 660.043 l 335.558 660.744 l 334.988 661.477 l 334.403 662.244 l 333.817 663.059 l 333.231 663.923 l 332.661 664.835 l 332.074 665.814 l 331.489 666.857 l 330.92 667.95 l 330.334 669.14 l 329.749 670.411 l 329.163 671.781 l 328.593 673.264 l 328.007 674.862 l 327.421 676.638 l 326.835 678.579 l 326.266 680.731 l 325.68 683.144 l 325.095 685.867 l 324.526 689.013 l 323.939 692.697 l 323.354 697.099 l 322.768 702.594 l 322.198 709.8 l S 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 K 0.804 w 10 M 1 j 0 J []0 d 182.715 703.904 m 182.735 703.305 l 182.757 702.715 l 182.8 702.116 l 182.822 701.517 l 182.843 700.919 l 182.864 700.328 l 182.907 699.73 l 182.95 699.132 l 182.972 698.533 l 183.014 697.943 l 183.057 697.344 l 183.1 696.745 l 183.142 696.147 l 183.206 695.557 l 183.248 694.958 l 183.378 693.769 l 183.442 693.171 l 183.527 692.572 l 183.592 691.973 l 183.677 691.383 l 183.763 690.785 l 183.976 689.587 l 184.084 688.997 l 184.191 688.398 l 184.319 687.8 l 184.447 687.201 l 184.597 686.611 l 184.896 685.414 l 185.067 684.815 l 185.239 684.225 l 185.431 683.626 l 185.645 683.027 l 185.86 682.437 l 186.094 681.839 l 186.33 681.24 l 186.586 680.641 l 186.864 680.051 l 187.143 679.453 l 187.464 678.854 l 187.785 678.255 l 188.105 677.665 l 188.832 676.468 l 189.218 675.869 l 189.645 675.279 l 190.074 674.68 l 190.502 674.081 l 190.972 673.483 l 191.464 672.893 l 191.956 672.294 l 192.47 671.696 l 193.026 671.106 l 193.561 670.507 l 194.139 669.908 l 194.737 669.309 l 195.336 668.719 l 196.577 667.522 l 197.219 666.923 l 197.861 666.333 l 198.525 665.735 l 199.187 665.136 l 199.872 664.537 l 200.535 663.947 l 201.904 662.75 l 202.589 662.16 l 204.579 660.364 l 205.242 659.773 l 205.883 659.175 l 206.525 658.577 l 207.145 657.978 l 207.767 657.387 l 208.344 656.789 l 209.499 655.592 l 210.034 655.001 l 210.569 654.403 l 211.082 653.804 l 211.574 653.206 l 212.045 652.616 l 212.495 652.017 l 212.943 651.418 l 213.35 650.828 l 213.756 650.229 l 214.142 649.631 l 214.506 649.033 l 214.847 648.442 l 215.168 647.844 l 215.489 647.245 l 215.789 646.645 l 216.067 646.056 l 216.581 644.859 l 216.816 644.26 l 217.029 643.67 l 217.244 643.071 l 217.628 641.874 l 217.799 641.284 l 217.972 640.685 l 218.121 640.086 l 218.27 639.495 l 218.398 638.896 l 218.527 638.299 l 218.655 637.7 l 218.762 637.109 l 218.976 635.911 l 219.062 635.313 l 219.147 634.724 l 219.233 634.125 l 219.362 632.927 l 219.446 632.338 l 219.49 631.739 l 219.554 631.14 l 219.618 630.542 l 219.661 629.952 l 219.704 629.353 l 219.747 628.754 l 219.789 628.164 l 219.832 627.565 l 219.853 626.966 l 219.896 626.37 l 219.917 625.778 l 219.96 625.18 l 219.982 624.58 l 220.004 623.983 l 220.046 622.792 l 220.088 621.596 l 220.11 621.005 l 220.132 620.407 l 385.509 568.646 m 384.901 568.602 l 384.301 568.56 l 383.695 568.516 l 383.087 568.473 l 382.479 568.409 l 381.88 568.367 l 381.272 568.302 l 380.665 568.259 l 380.056 568.195 l 379.458 568.13 l 378.85 568.044 l 378.241 567.981 l 377.635 567.916 l 377.035 567.829 l 376.428 567.745 l 375.82 567.658 l 375.221 567.552 l 374.614 567.466 l 374.005 567.359 l 373.399 567.252 l 372.799 567.146 l 372.192 567.016 l 371.583 566.911 l 370.975 566.78 l 370.376 566.63 l 369.768 566.502 l 369.16 566.352 l 368.553 566.18 l 367.953 566.03 l 367.346 565.859 l 366.738 565.664 l 366.131 565.495 l 365.531 565.302 l 364.924 565.086 l 364.316 564.872 l 363.717 564.659 l 363.109 564.422 l 362.501 564.166 l 361.895 563.93 l 361.294 563.651 l 360.687 563.393 l 360.079 563.094 l 359.472 562.815 l 358.873 562.494 l 358.265 562.171 l 357.657 561.849 l 357.049 561.506 l 356.451 561.142 l 355.843 560.78 l 355.235 560.393 l 354.627 560.006 l 354.028 559.599 l 353.42 559.193 l 352.813 558.742 l 352.213 558.312 l 351.606 557.841 l 350.997 557.393 l 350.391 556.898 l 349.79 556.406 l 349.184 555.911 l 348.576 555.398 l 347.967 554.863 l 347.369 554.327 l 346.761 553.79 l 346.154 553.233 l 345.545 552.654 l 344.946 552.096 l 344.339 551.518 l 343.731 550.917 l 343.132 550.318 l 342.524 549.717 l 341.917 549.117 l 341.31 548.518 l 340.71 547.896 l 340.103 547.294 l 339.493 546.674 l 338.886 546.052 l 338.287 545.43 l 337.68 544.83 l 337.072 544.21 l 336.464 543.609 l 335.864 543.007 l 335.257 542.409 l 334.65 541.807 l 334.042 541.208 l 333.443 540.628 l 332.835 540.051 l 332.227 539.492 l 331.629 538.935 l 331.02 538.379 l 330.412 537.843 l 329.805 537.307 l 329.205 536.792 l 328.599 536.299 l 327.99 535.805 l 327.383 535.313 l 326.782 534.841 l 326.176 534.393 l 325.57 533.942 l 324.96 533.514 l 324.363 533.084 l 323.753 532.677 l 323.147 532.289 l 322.538 531.906 l 321.939 531.52 l 321.331 531.176 l 320.723 530.833 l 320.125 530.49 l 319.517 530.169 l 318.908 529.846 l 318.302 529.57 l 317.702 529.268 l 317.096 528.99 l 316.487 528.732 l 315.879 528.476 l 315.279 528.24 l 314.671 528.003 l 314.066 527.767 l 313.457 527.554 l 312.858 527.339 l 312.249 527.146 l 311.642 526.953 l 311.035 526.783 l 310.436 526.611 l 309.828 526.438 l 309.22 526.288 l 308.622 526.138 l 308.012 525.991 l 307.406 525.859 l 306.798 525.731 l 306.198 525.603 l 305.592 525.474 l 304.983 525.367 l 304.375 525.26 l 303.168 525.046 l 302.561 524.96 l 301.954 524.872 l 301.355 524.789 l 300.746 524.703 l S 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_6 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw 7.2345 0 0 7.2345 154.8631 574.2305 Tm (Response percentage)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 0.668 -1.2 Td (in main experiment)Tj 1.139 -1.2 Td (\(attend tones\))Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw 4.193 -4.711 Td (Response percentage)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 0.668 -1.2 Td (in main experiment)Tj 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw 1.084 -1.2 Td (\(attend vowel\))Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 336.636 607.813 5.063 -5.464 re f 0 0 0 0 K 4 M 0 j 336.636 607.813 5.063 -5.464 re S 337.037 598.167 5.065 -5.464 re f 337.037 598.167 5.065 -5.464 re S 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.7168 0 0 7.7168 322.1881 603.0405 Tm [(Ef)-37(f)13(ectiv)13(e tar)24(g)25(et)]TJ 0 Tw -2.245 -1.2 Td [(a)25(tten)13(ua)25(tion in v)13(ow)13(el \(dB\))]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 217.671 698.911 9.303 -23.921 re f 1 J 217.671 698.911 9.303 -23.921 re S 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_6 1 Tf 7.2345 0 0 7.2345 207.3699 693.9052 Tm [(Ef)18(fective target )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.99 -1.2 Td (attenuation)Tj 0 Tc 0.584 -1.2 Td ( in tones)Tj ET 0.449 0.407 0.402 0.541 k 385.101 523.427 m 302.739 523.427 l 302.73 523.495 302.716 523.562 302.7 523.629 c 385.614 523.629 l 385.614 523.578 l 385.101 523.578 l 385.101 523.427 l f 0.451 0.408 0.404 0.82 k 302.739 523.427 m 301.904 523.427 l 301.904 523.578 l 301.369 523.578 l 301.369 523.629 l 302.7 523.629 l 302.716 523.562 302.73 523.495 302.739 523.427 c f 0.451 0.408 0.404 0.941 k 301.188 523.629 0.181 -0.051 re f 386.238 523.427 m 386.157 523.427 l 386.157 523.578 l 385.614 523.578 l 385.614 523.629 l 386.238 523.629 l 386.238 523.427 l f 385.101 523.578 1.056 -0.151 re f 301.188 523.578 0.716 -0.151 re f 0 0 0 0 k 306.324 665.416 6.86 -5.998 re f 306.324 665.416 6.86 -5.998 re S 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_5 1 Tf 6.6061 0 0 6.6061 305.0441 660.4408 Tm (0 dB)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 337.673 674.259 6.86 -5.998 re f 337.673 674.259 6.86 -5.998 re S 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_5 1 Tf 6.6061 0 0 6.6061 336.3931 669.2836 Tm (6 dB)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 369.425 680.541 10.552 -10.118 re f 369.425 680.541 10.552 -10.118 re S 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_5 1 Tf 6.6061 0 0 6.6061 367.3062 678.4359 Tm (12 dB)Tj 0.0001 Tc -1.199 -1.2 Td [(ada)13(pta)25(tion)]TJ ET 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 K 1.608 w 354.563 640.508 m 354.563 628.768 l S 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 k 361.454 624.405 m 367.954 624.405 l 364.704 630.034 l 361.454 624.405 l f 1.206 w 0 J 361.454 624.405 m 367.954 624.405 l 364.704 630.034 l 361.454 624.405 l h S 1 J 345.557 634.646 m 352.054 634.646 l 348.804 640.277 l 345.557 634.646 l h 357.395 699.092 m 358.821 699.092 360.247 700.519 360.247 701.946 c 360.247 703.373 358.821 704.799 357.395 704.799 c 355.968 704.799 354.543 703.373 354.543 701.946 c 354.543 700.519 355.968 699.092 357.395 699.092 c h S 1.608 w 354.902 628.304 m 354.902 623.585 l 374.752 629.198 m 374.752 624.48 l 358.542 640.006 m 358.542 635.289 l 340.744 640.046 m 340.744 635.328 l 346.392 631.266 m 351.111 631.266 l 346.697 643.807 m 351.414 643.807 l 347.556 637.281 m 347.556 632.563 l 361.41 637.093 m 361.41 632.375 l 352.08 628.529 m 356.8 628.529 l 352.08 640.654 m 356.8 640.654 l 383.528 707.474 m 383.528 702.756 l 368.254 707.099 m 368.254 702.381 l 373.586 696.727 m 378.304 696.727 l 373.586 713.407 m 378.304 713.407 l 347.053 704.501 m 347.053 699.784 l 367.652 704.501 m 367.652 699.784 l 354.997 693.588 m 359.715 693.588 l 354.997 710.172 m 359.715 710.172 l S 354.812 631.843 m 356.238 631.843 357.665 633.268 357.665 634.697 c 357.665 636.124 356.238 637.549 354.812 637.549 c 353.383 637.549 351.958 636.124 351.958 634.697 c 351.958 633.268 353.383 631.843 354.812 631.843 c f 1.206 w 354.812 631.843 m 356.238 631.843 357.665 633.268 357.665 634.697 c 357.665 636.124 356.238 637.549 354.812 637.549 c 353.383 637.549 351.958 636.124 351.958 634.697 c 351.958 633.268 353.383 631.843 354.812 631.843 c h S 0 0 0 0 k 337.62 631.837 m 342.299 631.837 l 339.958 635.89 l 337.62 631.837 l f 0 0 0 0.6 K 337.62 631.837 m 342.299 631.837 l 339.958 635.89 l 337.62 631.837 l h S 0.749 0.678 0.671 0.902 K 1.608 w 374.437 626.39 m 355.728 626.39 l S 0 0.988 1 0 k 370.538 624.385 m 370.49 624.339 l 370.442 624.385 l 370.49 624.437 l 370.538 624.385 l f 357.361 709.486 m 357.361 694.666 l 366.75 702.084 m 347.973 702.084 l S 357.417 709.465 m 357.368 709.416 l 357.321 709.465 l 357.368 709.515 l 357.417 709.465 l f 357.417 694.676 m 357.368 694.626 l 357.321 694.676 l 357.368 694.724 l 357.417 694.676 l f 348.9 643.281 m 348.9 631.883 l 357.816 637.549 m 340.813 637.549 l S 348.936 654.203 m 348.885 654.153 l 348.837 654.203 l 348.885 654.251 l 348.936 654.203 l f 348.936 631.9 m 348.885 631.849 l 348.837 631.9 l 348.885 631.947 l 348.936 631.9 l f 360.844 634.638 m 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702.381 l f 348.315 702.381 m 348.265 702.331 l 348.217 702.381 l 348.265 702.431 l 348.315 702.381 l f 357.715 709.827 m 357.666 709.777 l 357.616 709.827 l 357.666 709.875 l 357.715 709.827 l f 357.715 694.889 m 357.666 694.838 l 357.616 694.889 l 357.666 694.937 l 357.715 694.889 l f 357.739 637.031 m 357.69 636.979 l 357.64 637.031 l 357.69 637.078 l 357.739 637.031 l f 340.744 637.031 m 340.695 636.979 l 340.646 637.031 l 340.695 637.078 l 340.744 637.031 l f 349.23 643.291 m 349.182 643.242 l 349.13 643.291 l 349.182 643.341 l 349.23 643.291 l f 349.23 630.77 m 349.182 630.719 l 349.13 630.77 l 349.182 630.818 l 349.23 630.77 l f 361.183 634.232 m 361.137 634.182 l 361.086 634.232 l 361.137 634.281 l 361.183 634.232 l f 348.62 634.232 m 348.57 634.182 l 348.522 634.232 l 348.57 634.281 l 348.62 634.232 l f 354.902 640.161 m 354.853 640.11 l 354.805 640.161 l 354.853 640.208 l 354.902 640.161 l f 354.902 628.304 m 354.853 628.254 l 354.805 628.304 l 354.853 628.354 l 354.902 628.304 l f 383.313 705.274 m 383.264 705.225 l 383.215 705.274 l 383.264 705.323 l 383.313 705.274 l f 369.201 705.274 m 369.151 705.225 l 369.102 705.274 l 369.151 705.323 l 369.201 705.274 l f 376.28 712.814 m 376.232 712.765 l 376.181 712.814 l 376.232 712.864 l 376.28 712.814 l f 376.28 697.734 m 376.232 697.683 l 376.181 697.734 l 376.232 697.783 l 376.28 697.734 l f 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_8 1 Tf 8.7775 Tc 12 0 0 12 146.0189 729.9569 Tm (AC)Tj 0 Tc 9.333 -13.5 Td (B)Tj ET EMC /GS0 gs BT /T1_9 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 51.6761 474.8835 Tm [(Fig.)-233(3.)]TJ /T1_10 1 Tf 3.968 0 Td [(The)-233(perceived)-233(target)-233(energy)-233(in)-233(the)-233(two)-233(objects)-233(does)-233(not)-233(always)-233(account)-233(for)-233(all)-233(of)-233(the)-233(physical)-233(target)-233(energy)-233(present)-233(in)-233(the)-233(mixture.)-233(\()]TJ /T1_11 1 Tf 60.823 0 Td (A)Tj /T1_10 1 Tf 0.955 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 2.011 0 Td (B)Tj /T1_10 1 Tf 0.611 0 Td [(\))-233(Example)]TJ -68.369 -1.286 Td [(psychometric)-292(functions)-292(map)-292(the)-292(response)-292(percentages)-292(from)-292(the)-292(main)-292(experiment)-292(to)-292(effective)-292(target)-292(attenuations)-292(for)-292(the)-292(tones)-292(\()]TJ /T1_11 1 Tf 60.035 0 Td (A)Tj /T1_10 1 Tf 0.722 0 Td [(\))-292(and)-292(the)-292(vowel)-292(\()]TJ /T1_11 1 Tf 7.947 0 Td (B)Tj /T1_10 1 Tf 0.611 0 Td [(\).)-292(These)]TJ -69.315 -1.286 Td [(mappings)-417(are)-417(used)-417(to)-417(derive)-417(data)-417(plotted)-417(in)]TJ /T1_11 1 Tf 21.895 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_10 1 Tf 0.4168 Tc 0.611 0 Td (.\()Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.028 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_10 1 Tf 0.611 0 Td [(\))-417(Effective)-417(target)-417(attenuation)-417(when)-417(listeners)-417(attend)-417(to)-417(the)-417(tones)-417(vs.)-417(when)-417(they)-417(attend)-417(to)-417(the)-417(vowel.)]TJ -24.145 -1.286 Td [(Across-subject)-270(means)-270(are)-270(plotted,)-270(with)-270(error)-270(bars)-270(showing)-270(the)-270(standard)-270(error)-270(of)-270(the)-270(mean.)-270(The)-270(solid)-270(thick)-270(line)-270(shows)-270(the)-270(expected)-270(trading)-270(relationshi)]TJ 69.395 0 Td [(p)-270(when)]TJ -69.395 -1.286 Td [(the)-264(perceived)-264(energy)-264(accounts)-264(for)-264(the)-264(physical)-264(target)-264(energy.)-264(Thin)-264(lines)-264(show)-264(the)-264(trading)-264(relationships)-264(that)-264(would)-264(occur)-264(if)-264(peripheral)-264(adaptation)-264(re)]TJ 68.449 0 Td [(duces)-264(the)]TJ -68.449 -1.286 Td [(contribution)-278(of)-278(the)-278(target)-278(to)-278(the)-278(vowel)-278(\(shown)-278(for)-278(3-dB)-278(increments\).)-278(The)-278(dashed)-278(line)-278(shows)-278(the)-278(predictions)-278(if)-278(target)-278(amplitude,)-278(rather)-278(than)-278(energy,)-278(tr)]TJ 69.905 0 Td (ades.)Tj 6.5 0 0 6.5 51.6761 39.8835 Tm (Shinn-Cunningham)Tj /T1_11 1 Tf 9.249 0 Td [(et)-305(al.)]TJ /T1_10 1 Tf 42.611 0 Td (PNAS)Tj /T1_12 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 411.0205 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_9 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 419.1851 39.8835 Tm [(July)-305(17,)-305(2007)]TJ /T1_12 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 464.5643 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_10 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 472.7289 39.8835 Tm [(vol.)-305(104)]TJ /T1_12 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 502.3902 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_10 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 510.5548 39.8835 Tm [(no.)-305(29)]TJ /T1_12 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 535.5164 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_9 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 543.681 39.8835 Tm (12225)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 0 6.5 -6.5 0 585.1761 390.8921 Tm (PSYCHOLOGY)Tj ET q /GS2 gs 19 0 0 815.5 9 9 cm /Im0 Do Q q /GS2 gs 19 0 0 815.5 9 9 cm /Im1 Do Q endstream endobj 141 0 obj << /BG2 /Default /TR2 /Default /SA false /UCR2 /Default /SM 1 >> endobj 143 0 obj << /Length 19301 >> stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 51.6761 734.8835 Tm [(prov)-40(ide)20(s)-497(an)-497(intere)20(sting)-497(c)-30(ounterpart)-497(to)-497(duplex)-497(perception,)-497(or)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(c)-30(oallocation,)-246(whereby)-246(a)-246(single)-246(sound)-246(element)-246(c)-30(ontribute)20(s)-246(to)-246(t)-30(wo)]TJ T* [(perceptual)-495(objects)-495(at)-495(once)-495(\(12,)-495(22\).)-495(In)-495(c)-30(ontrast,)-495(we)-495(obser)-60(ve)]TJ T* [(nonallocation,)-220(whereby)-220(the)-220(element)-220(doe)20(s)-220(not)-220(strongly)-220(c)-30(ontribute)]TJ T* [(to)-300(either)-300(object)-300(and)-300(is)-300(also)-300(not)-300(heard)-300(as)-300(an)-300(independent)-300(object.)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(It)-270(is)-270(import)-30(ant)-270(to)-270(note,)-270(however,)-270(that)-270(the)-270(t)-30(arget)-270(is)-270(not)-270(undetect-)]TJ T* [(able:)-541(subjects)-541(can)-541(easily)-541(distinguish)-541(bet)-30(ween)-541(sequence)20(s)-541(that)]TJ T* [(c)-30(ont)-30(ain)-329(the)-329(t)-30(arget)-329(and)-329(those)-329(that)-329(do)-329(not,)-329(even)-329(when)-329(the)-329(t)-30(arget)]TJ T* [(fails)-298(to)-298(bind)-298(w)-40(ith)-298(either)-298(tone)20(s)-298(or)-298(vowel.)-298(We)-298(next)-298(c)-30(onsider)-298(some)]TJ T* [(possible)-338(ex)-30(planations)-338(for)-338(this)-338(ef)-30(fect.)]TJ 1 -1.111 Td [(Cert)-30(ain)-467(for)-30(ms)-467(of)-467(neural)-467(adapt)-30(ation)-467(may)-467(c)-30(ontribute)-467(to)-467(our)]TJ -1 -1.111 Td [(re)20(sults.)-336(If)-336(the)-336(preceding)-336(sequence)-336(of)-336(tone)20(s)-336(reduce)20(s)-336(the)-336(t)-30(arget\222s)]TJ T* [(\221\221internal\222\222)-467(level,)-467(the)-467(t)-30(arget)-467(c)-30(ontribution)-467(to)-467(the)-467(vowel)-467(w)-40(ill)-467(be)]TJ T* [(reduced.)-306(However,)-306(because)-306(all)-306(of)-306(the)-306(tone)20(s)-306(would)-306(be)-306(perceived)]TJ T* [(at)-316(the)-316(same)-316(level)-316(as)-316(the)-316(adapted)-316(t)-30(arget,)-316(the)-316(c)-30(ontribution)-316(of)-316(the)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(t)-30(arget)-208(to)-208(the)-208(tone)20(s)-208(would)-208(be)-208(unaf)-30(fected.)-208(Thus,)-208(if)-208(adapt)-30(ation)-208(were)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(the)-393(only)-393(ef)-30(fect)-393(pre)20(sent,)-393(a)-393(skewed)-393(for)-30(m)-393(of)-393(energ)-40(y)-393(trade)-393(would)]TJ T* [(oc)-30(cur)-217(and)-217(re)20(sults)-217(would)-217(fall)-217(along)-217(one)-217(of)-217(the)-217(thin)-217(line)20(s)-217(in)-217(Fig.)-217(3)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 26.551 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.706 0 Td (.)Tj 0.005 Tc -27.257 -1.111 Td [(Dat)-30(a)-345(for)-345(three)-345(c)-30(onditions)-345(are)-345(c)-30(onsistent)-345(w)-40(ith)-345(peripheral)-345(adap-)]TJ T* [(t)-30(ation)-198(reducing)-198(the)-198(ef)-30(fective)-198(t)-30(arget)-198(level)-198(by)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 18.376 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.838 0 Td [(4)-198(dB.)-198(However,)-198(this)]TJ -19.214 -1.111 Td [(level)-208(of)-208(adapt)-30(ation)-208(cannot)-208(ac)-30(c)-30(ount)-208(for)-208(the)-208(c)-30(ondition)-208(in)-208(which)-208(the)]TJ T* [(t)-30(arget)-342(spatial)-342(cue)20(s)-342(match)-342(those)-342(of)-342(the)-342(vowel)-342(but)-342(not)-342(the)-342(tone)20(s.)]TJ T* [(Moreover,)-252(many)-252(studie)20(s)-252(have)-252(shown)-252(that)-252(the)-252(loudne)20(ss)-252(of)-252(t)-30(argets)]TJ T* [(is)-424(not)-424(reduced)-424(by)-424(preceding)-424(tone)20(s)-424(of)-424(the)-424(same)-424(intensit)-30(y)-424(\(like)]TJ T* [(those)-270(in)-270(our)-270(ex)-30(periment\),)-270(mak)-30(ing)-270(it)-270(unlikely)-270(that)-270(our)-270(re)20(sults)-270(are)]TJ T* [(due)-384(solely)-384(to)-384(an)-384(internal)-384(attenuation)-384(of)-384(the)-384(t)-30(arget)-384(\(23\22625\).)-384(In)]TJ T* [(addition,)-326(earlier)-326(similar)-326(studie)20(s)-326(have)-326(also)-326(c)-30(oncluded)-326(that)-326(adap-)]TJ T* [(t)-30(ation)-334(cannot)-334(ac)-30(c)-30(ount)-334(for)-334(the)-334(ef)-30(fects)-334(of)-334(a)-334(preceding)-334(sequential)]TJ T* [(stream)-306(on)-306(perception)-306(\(26\).)-306(However,)-306(to)-306(addre)20(ss)-306(the)-306(issue)-306(more)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(directly,)-325(we)-325(undertook)-325(a)-325(supplement)-30(al)-325(c)-30(ontrol)-325(ex)-30(periment)-325([see)]TJ 0 0 1 rg 0 -1.111 TD [(supporting)-338(infor)-30(mation)-338(\(SI\))]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0.035 Tc 12.537 0 Td [(T)30(ext)]TJ 0 0 0 rg /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.826 0 Td (].)Tj -13.363 -1.111 Td [(In)-616(the)-616(supplement)-30(al)-616(ex)-30(periment,)-616(the)-616(vowel)-616(of)-616(the)-616(main)]TJ -1 -1.111 Td [(ex)-30(periment)-318(was)-318(replaced)-318(by)-318(a)-318(har)-30(mon)-30(ic)-318(c)-30(omplex)-318(w)-40(ith)-318(a)-318(funda-)]TJ T* [(ment)-30(al)-268(f)-30(requenc)-30(y)-268(\(F0\))-268(of)-268(200)-268(Hz)-268(\(henceforth,)-268(the)-268(simult)-30(aneous)]TJ T* [(c)-30(omplex\))-361(and)-361(the)-361(t)-30(arget)-361(was)-361(itself)-361(a)-361(har)-30(mon)-30(ic)-361(c)-30(omplex)-361(w)-40(ith)-361(a)]TJ T* [(fundament)-30(al)-227(f)-30(requenc)-30(y)-227(of)-227(300)-227(Hz)-227(\(see)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 16.632 0 Td [(Methods)-227(for)-227(Supplemental)]TJ -16.632 -1.111 Td [(Exper)-30(iment)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 5.218 0 Td (in)Tj 0 0 1 rg /T1_1 1 Tf 1.28 0 Td [(SI)-448(Te)-30(x)-30(t)]TJ 0 0 0 rg /T1_0 1 Tf 3.198 0 Td [(\).)-448(When)-448(the)-448(simult)-30(aneous)-448(c)-30(omplex)-448(and)]TJ -9.696 -1.111 Td [(t)-30(arget)-339(are)-339(pre)20(sented)-339(together)-339(in)-339(quiet,)-339(a)-339(single)-339(har)-30(mon)-30(ic)-339(c)-30(om-)]TJ T* [(plex)-288(w)-40(ith)-288(an)-288(F0)-288(of)-288(100)-288(Hz)-288(and)-288(a)-288(dense)-288(spectral)-288(profile)-288(is)-288(heard.)]TJ T* [(As)-354(in)-354(the)-354(main)-354(ex)-30(periment,)-354(when)-354(the)-354(t)-30(arget)-354(is)-354(preceded)-354(by)-354(an)]TJ T* [(isochronous)-391(pair)-391(of)-391(matching)-391(300-Hz)-391(c)-30(omplexe)20(s)-391(\(the)-391(c)-30(omplex)]TJ T* [(stream,)-378(replacing)-378(the)-378(tone)20(s)-378(of)-378(the)-378(main)-378(ex)-30(periment\),)-378(the)-378(c)-30(on-)]TJ T* [(tribution)-238(of)-238(the)-238(t)-30(arget)-238(to)-238(the)-238(simult)-30(aneous)-238(c)-30(omplex)-238(decrease)20(s)-238(by)]TJ T* [(an)-274(amount)-274(that)-274(depends)-274(on)-274(spatial)-274(cue)20(s.)-274(However,)-274(unlike)-274(in)-274(the)]TJ T* [(main)-562(ex)-30(periment,)-562(the)-562(t)-30(arget)-562(c)-30(ontribute)20(s)-562(sign)-30(ificantly)-562(to)-562(the)]TJ T* [(perceived)-397(spectral)-397(c)-30(ontent)-397(of)-397(the)-397(simult)-30(aneous)-397(c)-30(omplex)-397(in)-397(all)]TJ 0.0249 Tc T* [(c)-30(onditions)-648(\(see)]TJ 0 0 1 rg 7.856 0 Td [(SI)-648(Fig.)-648(4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 4.531 0 Td (B)Tj 0 0 0 rg /T1_0 1 Tf 0.0249 Tc 0.678 0 Td [(\),)-648(pre)20(sumably)-648(because)-648(across-)]TJ 0.005 Tc -13.064 -1.111 Td [(f)-30(requenc)-30(y)-312(g)-20(rouping)-312(cue)20(s)-312(are)-312(stronger)-312(for)-312(the)20(se)-312(stimuli)-312(than)-312(for)]TJ T* [(a)-243(single-f)-30(requenc)-30(y)-243(t)-30(arget.)-243(The)-243(fact)-243(that)-243(the)-243(ef)-30(fective)-243(attenuation)]TJ T* [(of)-315(the)-315(t)-30(arget)-315(in)-315(the)-315(simult)-30(aneous)-315(c)-30(omplex)-315(is)-315(near)-315(zero)-315(in)-315(many)]TJ T* [(c)-30(onditions)-236(in)-236(the)-236(supplement)-30(al)-236(ex)-30(periment)-236(sugge)20(sts)-236(that)-236(there)-236(is)]TJ T* [(not)-520(obligator)-60(y)-520(adapt)-30(ation)-520(of)-520(the)-520(t)-30(arget)-520(re)20(sponse)-520(for)-520(stimuli)]TJ T* [(repeating)-338(at)-338(the)-338(rate)20(s)-338(and)-338(levels)-338(used)-338(in)-338(our)-338(ex)-30(periments.)]TJ 1 -1.111 Td [(A)-30(nother)-321(possible)-321(ex)-30(planation)-321(relate)20(s)-321(to)-321(auditor)-60(y)-321(spatial)-321(pro-)]TJ -1 -1.111 Td [(ce)20(ssing.)-283(Rapid)-283(change)20(s)-283(in)-283(location)-283(can)-283(re)20(sult)-283(in)-283(a)-283(dif)-30(fuse)-283(spatial)]TJ T* [(percept,)-257(attributed)-257(to)-257(\221\221binaural)-257(sluggishne)20(ss\222\222)-257(in)-257(spatial)-257(proce)20(ss-)]TJ T* [(ing)-381(\(27,)-381(28\),)-381(raising)-381(the)-381(possibilit)-30(y)-381(that)-381(when)-381(t)-30(arget)-381(and)-381(tone)20(s)]TJ T* [(have)-278(dif)-30(ferent)-278(spatial)-278(cue)20(s,)-278(the)-278(t)-30(arget)-278(is)-278(spatially)-278(dif)-30(fuse.)-278(Target)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(dif)-30(fusene)20(ss,)-384(in)-384(turn,)-384(c)-30(ould)-384(cause)-384(the)-384(t)-30(arget)-384(to)-384(c)-30(ontribute)-384(rela-)]TJ T* [(tively)-195(little)-195(to)-195(the)-195(perceived)-195(c)-30(ontent)-195(of)-195(the)-195(vowel)-195(and)-195(help)-195(ex)-30(plain)]TJ T* [(why)-384(trading)-384(hypothe)20(se)20(s)-384(fail.)-384(Again,)-384(however,)-384(no)-384(such)-384(ef)-30(fect)-384(is)]TJ T* [(obser)-60(ved)-564(in)-564(the)-564(supplement)-30(al)-564(ex)-30(periment,)-564(even)-564(though)-564(the)]TJ T* [(spatial)-299(cue)20(s)-299(change)-299(dynamically)-299(at)-299(the)-299(same)-299(rate)-299(as)-299(in)-299(the)-299(main)]TJ -0.0149 Tc T* [(ex)-30(periment.)-288(Thus,)-288(there)-288(is)-288(no)-288(ev)-40(idence)-288(that)-288(the)-288(perceptual)-288(c)-30(ontri-)]TJ T* [(bution)-318(of)-318(the)-318(t)-30(arget)-318(is)-318(reduced)-318(because)-318(it)-318(is)-318(spatially)-318(dif)-30(fuse.)]TJ 1 -1.111 Td [(To)-463(ex)-30(plain)-463(our)-463(finding)-463(of)-463(nonallocation,)-463(we)-463(sugge)20(st)-463(that)-463(the)]TJ -1 -1.111 Td [(auditor)-60(y)-258(system)-258(favors)-258(ef)-30(ficient)-258(proce)20(ssing)-258(over)-258(veridical)-258(repre)20(sen-)]TJ T* [(t)-30(ation)-395(of)-395(the)-395(entire)-395(auditor)-60(y)-395(scene.)-395(In)-395(particular,)-395(the)-395(perceptual)]TJ 29.167 74.444 Td [(organ)-30(ization)-456(of)-456(the)-456(auditor)-60(y)-456(backg)-20(round)-456(\(here,)-456(the)-456(unattended)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(object\))-182(may)-182(not)-182(be)-182(as)-182(fully)-182(elaborated)-182(as)-182(that)-182(of)-182(the)-182(foreg)-20(round)-182(\(29\).)]TJ T* [(This)-252(sugge)20(stion)-252(implie)20(s)-252(that)-252(sound)-252(elements)-252(that)-252(are)-252(rejected)-252(f)-30(rom)]TJ T* [(the)-378(auditor)-60(y)-378(foreg)-20(round)-378(are)-378(not)-378(nece)20(ssarily)-378(assigned)-378(to)-378(auditor)-60(y)]TJ T* [(objects)-249(w)-40(ithin)-249(the)-249(unattended)-249(backg)-20(round.)-249(Interpreted)-249(in)-249(this)-249(way,)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(perceptual)-332(nonallocation)-332(may)-332(ref)-90(lect)-332(a)-332(figure-g)-20(round)-332(asy)-30(mmetr)-60(y,)]TJ T* [(w)-40(ith)-237(stronger)-237(perceptual)-237(cue)20(s)-237(nece)20(ssar)-60(y)-237(to)-237(pull)-237(an)-237(element)-237(into)-237(the)]TJ T* [(auditor)-60(y)-185(foreg)-20(round)-185(than)-185(are)-185(needed)-185(to)-185(push)-185(the)-185(same)-185(element)-185(into)]TJ T* [(the)-318(\(unattended\))-318(backg)-20(round.)]TJ 0.005 Tc 1 -1.111 Td [(Our)-290(re)20(sults)-290(cannot)-290(answer)-290(the)-290(que)20(stion)-290(of)-290(whether)-290(the)-290(t)-30(arget)]TJ -1 -1.111 Td [(was)-259(part)-259(of)-259(the)-259(unattended)-258(object)-259(in)-258(the)-259(backg)-20(round)-259(or)-259(whether)]TJ T* [(it)-213(was)-213(isolated)-213(in)-213(some)-213(\221\221perceptual)-213(limbo.\222\222)-213(In)-213(infor)-30(mal)-213(listen)-30(ing,)]TJ T* [(when)-273(listeners)-273(attempted)-273(to)-273(attend)-273(to)-273(both)-273(objects)-273(at)-273(once,)-273(they)]TJ T* [(perceived)-295(no)-295(salient)-295(change)-295(in)-295(the)-295(perceived)-295(organ)-30(ization)-295(c)-30(om-)]TJ T* [(pared)-374(w)-40(ith)-374(when)-374(they)-374(actively)-374(attended)-374(to)-374(the)-374(tone)20(s)-374(or)-374(vowel.)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(However,)-526(it)-526(was)-526(dif)-30(ficult)-526(to)-526(attend)-526(to)-526(both)-526(objects)-526(simult)-30(a-)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(neously;)-420(listeners)-420(felt)-420(that)-420(they)-420(rapidly)-420(shif)-30(ted)-420(attention)-420(f)-30(rom)]TJ T* [(object)-390(to)-390(object,)-390(rather)-390(than)-390(simult)-30(aneously)-390(attending)-390(to)-390(both)]TJ T* [(objects)-330(\(30\).)-330(From)-330(the)20(se)-330(reports,)-330(we)-330(cannot)-330(r)-30(ule)-330(out)-330(the)-330(possi-)]TJ T* [(bilit)-30(y)-257(that)-257(perceptual)-257(organ)-30(ization)-257(in)-257(our)-257(ex)-30(periment)-257(is)-257(bist)-30(able,)]TJ T* [(changing)-315(so)-315(that)-315(the)-315(t)-30(arget)-315(move)20(s)-315(to)-315(the)-315(backg)-20(round)-315(whenever)]TJ T* [(attention)-338(shif)-30(ts)-338(bet)-30(ween)-338(objects.)]TJ 1 -1.111 Td [(In)-276(many)-276(ever)-60(yday)-276(ac)-30(oustic)-276(settings,)-277(c)-30(ompetition)-276(for)-277(attention)]TJ -1 -1.111 Td [(bet)-30(ween)-368(auditor)-60(y)-368(objects)-368(may)-368(be)-368(the)-368(most)-368(import)-30(ant)-368(problem)]TJ T* [(facing)-325(a)-325(listener)-325(\(31,)-325(32\).)-325(In)-325(v)-40(ision,)-325(this)-325(problem)-325(has)-325(long)-325(been)]TJ T* [(rec)-30(ogn)-30(ized,)-231(and)-231(theorie)20(s)-231(of)-231(how)-231(stimulus)-231(attribute)20(s)-231(interact)-231(w)-40(ith)]TJ T* [(top-down)-455(proce)20(sse)20(s)-455(to)-455(mediate)-455(c)-30(ompetition)-455(for)-455(attention)-455(are)]TJ T* [(well)-201(developed)-201(\(33,)-201(34\).)-201(Similar)-201(mechan)-30(isms)-201(may)-201(work)-201(to)-201(re)20(solve)]TJ T* [(c)-30(ompetition)-200(for)-200(attention)-200(in)-200(c)-30(omplex)-200(auditor)-60(y)-200(env)-40(ironments)-200(\(35,)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(36\).)-235(In)-235(both)-235(v)-40(ision)-235(and)-235(audition,)-235(attention)-235(appears)-235(to)-235(operate)-235(on)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(perceived)-388(objects,)-388(rather)-388(than)-388(simple)-388(feature)20(s)-388(of)-388(the)-388(v)-40(isual)-388(or)]TJ T* [(ac)-30(oustic)-227(scene)-227(\(33,)-227(35,)-227(37\).)-227(This)-227(sugge)20(sts)-227(that)-227(the)-227(abilit)-30(y)-227(to)-227(direct)]TJ T* [(attention)-419(in)-419(a)-419(c)-30(omplex,)-419(multisource)-419(auditor)-60(y)-419(scene)-419(is)-419(directly)]TJ T* [(af)-30(fected)-484(by)-484(the)-484(way)-484(in)-484(which)-484(objects)-484(are)-484(for)-30(med.)-484(Past)-484(work)]TJ T* [(demonstrate)20(s)-328(that)-328(both)-328(bottom-up)-328(factors)-328(and)-328(top-down)-328(atten-)]TJ T* [(tion)-446(inf)-90(luence)-446(the)-446(perceptual)-446(organ)-30(ization)-446(of)-446(sound)-446(\(6\).)-446(The)]TJ T* [(current)-602(re)20(sults)-602(hint)-602(that)-602(the)-602(ultimate)-602(interpret)-30(ation)-602(of)-602(the)]TJ T* [(ac)-30(oustic)-217(scene)-217(may)-217(depend)-217(on)-217(what)-217(object)-217(a)-217(listener)-217(attends,)-217(just)]TJ T* [(as)-220(attention)-220(can)-220(alter)-220(perception)-220(of)-220(objects)-220(in)-220(a)-220(v)-40(isual)-220(scene)-220(\(38\).)]TJ T* [(The)-483(organ)-30(ization)-483(of)-483(the)-483(scene)-483(in)-483(turn)-483(impacts)-483(how)-483(well)-483(the)]TJ T* [(listener)-512(can)-512(reduce)-512(inter)-50(ference)-512(f)-30(rom)-512(unwanted)-512(objects)-512(and)]TJ T* [(underst)-30(and)-413(an)-413(attended)-413(object.)-413(The)-413(current)-413(re)20(sults)-413(show)-413(that)]TJ T* [(spatial)-235(cue)20(s)-235(can)-235(af)-30(fect)-235(the)-235(perceptual)-235(organ)-30(ization)-235(of)-235(ambiguous)]TJ T* [(sound)-353(mixture)20(s,)-353(which)-353(can)-353(then)-353(cause)-353(the)-353(intere)20(sting)-353(phenom-)]TJ T* [(enon)-304(in)-304(which)-304(not)-304(all)-304(of)-304(the)-304(physical)-304(energ)-40(y)-304(in)-304(a)-304(sound)-304(mixture)]TJ T* [(is)-338(allocated)-338(to)-338(the)-338(identifiable)-338(objects.)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf -0.0196 Tc 0 -2 TD (Methods)Tj 0 Tc 8 0 0 8 314.1761 254.8835 Tm (Stimuli.)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 9 0 0 9 343.4898 254.8835 Tm [(Stimuli)-226(c)-30(onsisted)-226(of)-226(a)-226(3-s-long)-226(sequence,)-226(c)-30(omposed)-226(of)-226(10)]TJ 0.0057 Tc -3.257 -1.111 Td [(identical)-629(pre)20(sent)-30(ations)-629(of)-629(three)-629(100-ms-long)-629(elements:)-629(t)-30(wo)]TJ 0.005 Tc 0 -1.111 TD [(500-Hz)-380(tone)-380(bursts)-380(\(tone)20(s\))-380(followed)-380(by)-380(a)-380(synthetic)-380(vowel)-380(w)-40(ith)]TJ T* [(fundament)-30(al)-277(f)-30(requenc)-30(y)-277(of)-277(125)-277(Hz)-277(\(see)-277(Fig.)-277(1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 19.487 0 Td (A)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.695 0 Td [(\).)-277(The)-277(t)-30(arget)-277(was)]TJ -20.182 -1.111 Td [(a)-491(500-Hz)-491(tone)-491(pre)20(sented)-491(simult)-30(aneously)-491(w)-40(ith)-491(the)-491(vowel.)-491(A)-30(ll)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(tone)20(s,)-277(t)-30(arget,)-277(and)-277(the)-277(har)-30(mon)-30(ics)-277(of)-277(the)-277(vowel)-277(were)-277(gated)-277(w)-40(ith)-277(a)]TJ T* [(Blackman)-290(w)-40(indow)-290(\(60-ms)-290(duration\),)-290(followed)-290(by)-290(a)-290(silent)-290(gap)-290(of)]TJ T* [(40)-456(ms.)-456(The)-456(sequence)-456(of)-456(repeating)-456(tone)20(s)-456(and)-456(vowel)-456(caused)-456(a)]TJ T* [(percept)-269(of)-269(t)-30(wo)-269(distinct)-269(auditor)-60(y)-269(objects)-269(\(rapidly)-269(repeating)-269(tone)20(s)]TJ T* [(and)-338(a)-338(slower)-338(sequence)-338(of)-338(repeating)-338(vowels\).)]TJ -0.0149 Tc 1 -1.111 Td [(The)-360(vowel)-360(c)-30(onsisted)-360(of)-360(indiv)-40(idual)-360(random-phase)-360(har)-30(mon)-30(ics)-360(of)]TJ -1 -1.111 Td [(the)-200(fundament)-30(al)-200(f)-30(requenc)-30(y)-200(125)-200(Hz,)-200(spectrally)-200(shaped)-200(like)-200(the)-200(vowel)]TJ T* [(/I/)-250(\(for)-30(mant)-250(peaks)-250(at)-250(f)-30(requencie)20(s)-250(490,)-250(2,125,)-250(and)-250(2,825)-250(Hz;)-250(see)-250(Fig.)]TJ 0 Tc T* (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.485 0 Td (B)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.638 0 Td [(\).)-249(The)-249(vowel)-249(did)-249(not)-249(c)-30(ont)-30(ain)-249(any)-249(energ)-40(y)-249(in)-249(the)-249(fourth)-249(har)-30(mon)-30(ic,)]TJ -1.123 -1.111 Td [(the)-478(f)-30(requenc)-30(y)-478(of)-478(the)-478(t)-30(arget)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 Td (.)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.713 0 Td [(When)-478(the)-478(t)-30(arget)-478(was)-478(pre)20(sent)-478(and)]TJ -12.712 -1.111 Td [(perceived)-287(as)-287(part)-287(of)-287(the)-287(vowel,)-287(the)-287(perceived)-287(vowel)-287(qualit)-30(y)-287(shif)-30(ted)]TJ T* [(f)-30(rom)-268(/I/)-268(\(t)-30(arget-absent,)-268(or)-268(not)-268(part)-268(of)-268(the)-268(vowel\))-268(toward)-268(/)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 0 Tc 23.663 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.485 0 Td [(/)-268(\(t)-30(arget)]TJ -24.148 -1.111 Td [(heard)-298(as)-298(part)-298(of)-298(the)-298(vowel;)-298(refs.)-298(8)-90(\22610\),)-298(pre)20(sumably)-298(by)-298(shif)-30(ting)-298(the)]TJ T* [(perceived)-318(f)-30(requenc)-30(y)-318(of)-318(the)-318(first)-318(for)-30(mant)-318(peak.)]TJ 0.005 Tc 1 -1.111 Td [(Spatial)-607(cue)20(s)-607(in)-607(the)-607(tone)20(s)-607(and)-607(t)-30(arget)-607(were)-607(c)-30(ontrolled)-607(by)]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.5 0 0 6.5 51.6761 39.8835 Tm (12226)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 75.7468 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 83.9114 39.8835 Tm (www.pnas.org)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 6.833 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (cgi)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 1.333 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (doi)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 1.5 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (10.1073)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 3.614 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 0.5 0 Td (pnas.0704641104)Tj 46.683 0 Td (Shinn-Cunningham)Tj /T1_8 1 Tf 9.222 0 Td [(et)-278(al.)]TJ ET q /GS1 gs 19 0 0 815.5 9 9 cm /Im0 Do Q q /GS1 gs 19 0 0 815.5 9 9 cm /Im1 Do Q endstream endobj 144 0 obj << /BG2 /Default /TR2 /Default /SA false /UCR2 /Default /SM 1 >> endobj 146 0 obj << /Length 22598 >> stream 0 0 0 0.2 k 1 i /GS0 gs 573.676 443.384 38.324 -66 re f 0 0 0 1 k BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0.0072 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 51.6761 734.8835 Tm [(proce)20(ssing)-630(the)-630(sounds)-630(w)-40(ith)-630(head-related)-630(transfer)-630(functions)]TJ 0.005 Tc 0 -1.111 TD [(\(HRTFs\))-622(measured)-622(on)-622(a)-622(mannequin)-622(\(39\).)-622(This)-622(proce)20(ssing)]TJ T* [(simulate)20(s)-318(the)-318(interaural)-318(time)-318(and)-318(level)-318(dif)-30(ference)20(s)-318(and)-318(spectral)]TJ T* [(cue)20(s)-499(that)-499(would)-499(arise)-499(for)-499(source)20(s)-499(f)-30(rom)-499(a)-499(particular)-499(location)]TJ T* [(relative)-353(to)-353(the)-353(listener.)-353(Source)20(s)-353(were)-353(proce)20(ssed)-353(to)-353(have)-353(spatial)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(cue)20(s)-402(c)-30(onsistent)-402(w)-40(ith)-402(a)-402(source)-402(either)-402(f)-30(rom)-402(straight)-402(ahead)-402(\(azi-)]TJ T* (muth)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.626 0 Td (\002)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.2 0 Td [(0\260\))-362(or)-362(45\260)-362(to)-362(the)-362(right)-362(of)-362(the)-362(listener.)-362(In)-362(all)-362(trials,)-362(the)]TJ -3.826 -1.111 Td [(simulated)-377(vowel)-377(azimuth)-377(was)-377(zero.)-377(Four)-377(dif)-30(ferent)-377(spatial)-377(c)-30(on-)]TJ T* [(figurations)-362(were)-362(te)20(sted,)-362(dif)-30(fering)-362(in)-362(which)-362(c)-30(omponent\222s)-362(spatial)]TJ T* [(cue)20(s)-296(matched)-296(those)-296(of)-296(the)-296(t)-30(arget)-296(\(see)-296(Fig.)-296(1)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 19.02 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.706 0 Td [(\).)-296(Various)-296(c)-30(ontrol)]TJ -19.726 -1.111 Td [(trials)-277(ensured)-276(that)-277(we)-276(only)-276(included)-276(listeners)-277(who)-276(c)-30(ould)-276(reliably)]TJ T* [(identif)-30(y)-249(the)-249(tone)20(s)-249(rhy)-30(thm)-249(or)-249(the)-249(vowel)-249(identit)-30(y)-249(for)-249(unambiguous)]TJ T* [(single-object)-351(stimuli)-351(\(see)-351(Fig.)-351(1)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 13.723 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.706 0 Td [(\).)-351(In)-351(t)-30(wo-object)-351(c)-30(ontrol)-351(trials,)]TJ -14.429 -1.111 Td [(there)-379(was)-379(no)-379(t)-30(arget)-379(and)-379(both)-379(tone)20(s)-379(and)-379(vowel)-379(were)-379(simulated)]TJ T* [(f)-30(rom)-267(straight)-267(ahead.)-267(In)-267(single-object)-267(c)-30(ontrol)-267(trials,)-267(the)-267(attended)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(object)-327(was)-327(simulated)-327(f)-30(rom)-327(straight)-327(ahead;)-327(the)-327(t)-30(arget)-327(was)-327(simu-)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(lated)-338(f)-30(rom)-338(either)-338(0\260)-338(or)-338(45\260)-338(azimuth,)-338(or)-338(was)-338(not)-338(pre)20(sent.)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 0 Tc 8 0 0 8 51.6761 554.8835 Tm (Procedures.)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 9 0 0 9 95.3927 554.8835 Tm [(In)-198(the)-198(main)-198(ex)-30(periment,)-198(t)-30(wo-object)-198(stimuli)-198(\(w)-40(ith)-198(single-)]TJ -4.857 -1.111 Td [(object)-231(c)-30(ontrols)-231(inter)-30(mingled\))-231(were)-231(pre)20(sented)-231(in)-231(t)-30(wo)-231(blocks)-231(of)-231(trials)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(dif)-30(fering)-400(only)-400(in)-400(the)-400(instr)-30(uctions)-400(to)-400(the)-400(subjects.)-400(In)-400(tone)-400(blocks,)]TJ T* [(subjects)-331(identified)-331(the)-331(perceived)-331(tone)20(s)-331(rhy)-30(thm)-331(as)-331(even)-331(\(an)-331(evenly)]TJ T* [(spaced)-309(sequence)-309(of)-309(500-Hz)-309(tone)20(s,)-309(one)-309(ever)-60(y)-309(100)-309(ms\))-309(or)-309(galloping)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(\(a)-293(pair)-293(of)-293(tone)20(s)-293(100)-293(ms)-293(apart,)-293(followed)-293(by)-293(a)-293(100-ms)-293(silent)-293(gap\).)-293(In)]TJ T* [(vowel)-268(blocks,)-268(subjects)-268(identified)-268(the)-268(perceived)-268(vowel)-268(identit)-30(y)-268(as)-268(/)]TJ /T1_4 1 Tf 0 Tc 26.75 0 Td (\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.485 0 Td (/)Tj -0.0149 Tc -27.236 -1.111 Td [(or)-293(/I/.)-293(Thirt)-30(y)-293(trials)-293(of)-293(each)-293(c)-30(ondition)-293(were)-293(pre)20(sented)-293(in)-293(a)-293(dif)-30(ferent)]TJ T* [(random)-318(order)-318(for)-318(each)-318(block)-318(of)-318(trials.)]TJ 0.005 Tc 1 -1.111 Td [(In)-252(the)-252(single-object)-252(c)-30(ontrol)-252(ex)-30(periment,)-252(trials)-252(c)-30(onsisted)-252(of)-252(the)]TJ -1 -1.111 Td [(attended)-461(object)-461(and)-461(the)-461(t)-30(arget,)-461(both)-461(simulated)-461(f)-30(rom)-461(straight)]TJ T* [(ahead)-301(\(0\260)-301(azimuth\).)-301(On)-301(each)-301(trial,)-301(the)-301(t)-30(arget)-301(was)-301(attenuated)-301(by)]TJ T* [(a)-288(random)-288(amount)-288(ranging)-288(f)-30(rom)-288(0)-288(to)-288(14)-288(dB,)-288(in)-288(2-dB)-288(steps.)-288(As)-288(in)]TJ T* [(the)-309(main)-309(ex)-30(periment,)-309(in)-309(separate)-309(blocks,)-309(subjects)-309(judged)-309(either)]TJ T* [(the)-338(rhy)-30(thm)-338(of)-338(the)-338(tone)20(s)-338(or)-338(the)-338(identit)-30(y)-338(of)-338(the)-338(vowel.)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 0 Tc 8 0 0 8 51.6761 394.8835 Tm (Analysis.)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 9 0 0 9 84.8241 394.8835 Tm [(The)-192(dat)-30(a)-192(f)-30(rom)-192(the)-192(main)-192(ex)-30(periment)-192(were)-192(analyzed)-192(using)]TJ -3.683 -1.111 Td [(a)-505(decision)-505(theor)-60(y)-505(model.)-505(The)-505(internal)-505(decision)-505(variable)-505(was)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(assumed)-351(to)-351(be)-351(a)-351(un)-30(idimensional,)-351(Gaussian-distributed)-351(random)]TJ T* [(variable)-552(whose)-552(mean)-552(depended)-552(on)-552(the)-552(stimulus)-552(and)-552(whose)]TJ T* [(variance)-477(was)-477(independent)-477(of)-477(the)-477(stimulus.)-477(A)-477(single)-477(criterion)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(value)-240(was)-240(assumed)-240(to)-240(div)-40(ide)-240(the)-240(decision)-240(space)-240(into)-240(t)-30(wo)-240(regions,)]TJ T* [(c)-30(orre)20(sponding)-259(to)-259(t)-30(arget-pre)20(sent)-259(or)-259(t)-30(arget-absent)-259(re)20(sponse)20(s.)-259(The)]TJ T* [(probabilit)-30(y)-460(of)-460(re)20(sponding)-460(\223t)-30(arget)-460(pre)20(sent\224)-460(was)-460(calculated)-460(for)]TJ T* [(each)-263(c)-30(ondition,)-263(then)-263(used)-263(to)-263(e)20(stimate)-263(the)-263(dist)-30(ance)20(s)-263(bet)-30(ween)-263(the)]TJ 29.167 46.667 Td [(underlying)-347(means)-347(of)-347(the)-347(c)-30(orre)20(sponding)-347(c)-30(onditional)-347(probabilit)-30(y)]TJ 0 -1.124 TD [(densit)-30(y)-571(functions)-571(and)-571(the)-571(mean)-571(of)-571(the)-571(distribution)-571(for)-571(the)]TJ T* [(t)-30(arget-absent)-186(protot)-30(ype)-186(in)-186(un)-30(its)-186(of)-186(st)-30(andard)-186(dev)-40(iation)-186(\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 23.311 0 Td (d)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.533 0 Td (\003)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.338 0 Td [(\))-20(.)-206(The)20(se)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc -24.182 -1.124 Td (d)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.513 0 Td (\003)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.744 0 Td [(measure)20(s)-426(were)-426(nor)-30(malized)-425(by)-426(the)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 14.939 0 Td (d)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.513 0 Td (\003)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.744 0 Td [(separation)-425(bet)-30(ween)-425(t)-20(h)-20(e)]TJ 0.005 Tc -17.453 -1.124 Td [(t)-30(arget-pre)20(sent)-602(and)-602(t)-30(arget-absent)-602(protot)-30(ype)20(s)-602(to)-602(e)20(stimate)-602(the)]TJ T* [(relative)-571(perceptual)-571(dist)-30(ance)-571(bet)-30(ween)-571(the)-571(c)-30(ondition)-571(and)-571(the)]TJ T* [(single-object)-226(protot)-30(ype)20(s.)-226(By)-226(defin)-30(ition,)-226(the)-226(re)20(sulting)-226(st)-30(atistic)-226(was)]TJ T* [(zero)-403(for)-403(the)-403(t)-30(arget-absent)-403(protot)-30(ype)-403(and)-403(one)-403(for)-403(the)-403(spatially)]TJ 0.0164 Tc T* [(unambiguous,)-639(t)-30(arget-pre)20(sent)-639(protot)-30(ype.)-639(The)-639(across-subject)]TJ 0.005 Tc T* [(means)-233(and)-233(st)-30(andard)-233(errors)-233(of)-233(the)20(se)-233(relative)-233(perceptual)-233(dist)-30(ance)20(s)]TJ T* [(were)-338(c)-30(omputed)-338(for)-338(each)-338(stimulus)-338(and)-338(are)-338(pre)20(sented)-338(in)-338(Fig.)-338(2.)]TJ -0.0149 Tc 1 -1.124 Td [(In)-302(the)-302(single-object)-302(c)-30(ontrol)-302(study,)-302(the)-302(percent)-302(re)20(sponse)20(s)-302(c)-30(onsis-)]TJ -1 -1.124 Td [(tent)-354(w)-40(ith)-354(the)-354(\221\221t)-30(arget)-354(pre)20(sent\222\222)-354(generally)-354(decreased)-354(monoton)-30(ically)]TJ T* [(w)-40(ith)-305(increasing)-305(attenuation)-305(of)-305(the)-305(t)-30(arget)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 16.88 0 Td (.)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.54 0 Td [(The)20(se)-305(functions)-305(were)-305(fit)]TJ -17.42 -1.124 Td [(w)-40(ith)-255(a)-255(sigmoidal)-255(function)-255(w)-40(ith)-255(f)-30(ree)-255(parameters)-255(of)-255(slope,)-255(thre)20(shold,)]TJ T* [(and)-355(upper)-355(and)-355(lower)-355(asy)-30(mptote)20(s.)-355(The)-355(fitted)-355(cur)-60(ve)20(s)-355(were)-355(used)-355(to)]TJ T* [(map)-502(the)-502(raw)-502(percent)-30(age)-502(of)-502(re)20(sponse)20(s)-502(for)-502(each)-502(stimulus)-502(to)-502(an)]TJ T* [(ef)-30(fective)-243(attenuation)-243(of)-243(the)-243(t)-30(arget)-243(in)-243(the)-243(main)-243(ex)-30(periment)-243(\(see)-243(Fig.)]TJ 0 Tc T* (3)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.681 0 Td (A)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.871 0 Td (and)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.739 0 Td (B)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -0.0149 Tc 0.638 0 Td [(\).)-196(If)-196(the)-196(re)20(sponse)-196(percent)-30(age)-196(for)-196(a)-196(given)-196(c)-30(ondition)-196(was)-196(le)20(ss)]TJ -3.93 -1.124 Td [(than)-312(the)-312(lower)-312(asy)-30(mptote)-312(or)-312(g)-20(reater)-312(than)-312(the)-312(upper)-312(asy)-30(mptote)-312(of)]TJ T* [(the)-319(psychometric)-319(function)-319(fit)-319(to)-319(the)-319(aux)-50(iliar)-60(y)-319(re)20(sults,)-319(the)-319(ef)-30(fective)]TJ T* [(attenuation)-318(was)-318(set)-318(to)-318(0)-318(dB)-318(or)-318(16)-318(dB,)-318(re)20(spectively.)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 0 Tc 8 0 0 8 314.1761 502.3835 Tm (Subjects.)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 9 0 0 9 348.3825 502.3835 Tm [(Eight)-244(subjects)-244(were)-244(selected)-244(on)-244(the)-244(basis)-244(of)-244(their)-244(abilit)-30(y)]TJ -3.801 -1.124 Td [(to)-298(reliably)-298(distinguish)-298(bet)-30(ween)-298(the)-298(single-object)-298(protot)-30(ype)20(s)-298(in)-298(a)]TJ 0 -1.124 TD [(similar)-211(pilot)-211(ex)-30(periment.)-211(In)-211(the)-211(prior)-211(ex)-30(periment,)-211(subjects)-211(had)-211(to)]TJ T* [(achieve)-235(both)-235(\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.059 0 Td (i)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.2405 Tc 0.269 0 Td (\)a)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.357 0 Td (d)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.533 0 Td (\003)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.574 0 Td [(of)-235(0.7)-235(or)-235(g)-20(reater)-235(bet)-30(ween)-235(the)-235(t)-30(arget-pre)20(sent)]TJ -8.792 -1.124 Td [(and)-323(t)-30(arget-absent)-323(protot)-30(ype)20(s)-323(in)-323(the)-323(main)-323(ex)-30(periment)-323(and)-323(\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 25.763 0 Td (ii)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.328 Tc 0.538 0 Td (\)a)Tj 0.005 Tc -26.301 -1.124 Td [(slope)-254(of)-254(10%)-254(c)-30(orrect/dB)-254(attenuation)-254(to)-254(the)-254(fit)-254(of)-254(their)-254(re)20(sponse)20(s)]TJ 0 -1.124 TD [(in)-356(the)-356(single-object)-356(c)-30(ontrol)-356(ex)-30(periment.)-356(A)-30(ll)-356(na\031)]TJ 20.385 0 Td [(\250)113(ve)-356(subjects)-356(met)]TJ -20.385 -1.124 Td [(the)-308(criteria)-308(for)-308(the)-308(tone)20(s)-308(stimuli)-308(in)-308(the)-308(prior)-308(ex)-30(periment.)-308(The)-308(8)]TJ T* [(current)-280(subjects)-280(were)-280(recr)-30(uited)-280(f)-30(rom)-280(the)-280(10)-280(of)-280(20)-280(na\031)]TJ 22.473 0 Td [(\250)113(ve)-280(subjects)]TJ -22.473 -1.124 Td [(who)-419(reached)-419(the)-419(per)-50(for)-30(mance)-419(criterion)-419(for)-419(the)-419(vowel)-419(c)-30(ontrol)]TJ T* [(stimuli.)-375(Seven)-375(of)-375(the)-375(eight)-375(subjects)-375(had)-375(g)-20(reater)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 21.298 0 Td (d)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.533 0 Td (\003)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.713 0 Td [(value)20(s)-375(here)]TJ -22.543 -1.124 Td [(than)-321(in)-321(the)-321(pilot)-321(ex)-30(periment,)-321(pre)20(sumably)-321(f)-30(rom)-321(ex)-30(perience)-321(w)-40(ith)]TJ T* [(the)-219(t)-30(ask.)-219(In)-219(the)-219(current)-219(ex)-30(periment,)-219(all)-219(eight)-219(subjects)-219(achieved)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 0 Tc 26.641 0 Td (d)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.533 0 Td (\003)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.005 Tc -27.174 -1.124 Td [(sc)-30(ore)20(s)-338(of)-338(1.5)-338(or)-338(better)-338(on)-338(both)-338(tone)20(s)-338(and)-338(vowel)-338(t)-30(asks.)]TJ 8 0 0 8 314.1761 351.2926 Tm [(We)-459(thank)-459(Steven)-459(Babc)-30(ock)-459(for)-459(assist)-30(ance)-459(w)-40(ith)-459(dat)-30(a)-459(c)-30(ollection)-459(in)-459(the)]TJ 0 -1.138 TD [(supplement)-30(al)-228(ex)-30(periment)-228(and)-228(Christophe)-228(Micheyl)-228(for)-228(helpful)-228(c)-30(omments)]TJ T* [(on)-210(the)-210(manuscript.)-210(This)-210(work)-210(was)-210(supported)-210(by)-210(Of)-30(fice)-210(of)-210(Naval)-210(Re)20(search)]TJ T* [(Grant)-316(N00014-04-1-0131)-316(and)-316(National)-316(Institute)20(s)-316(of)-316(Health)-316(Grants)-316(R01)]TJ T* [(DC)-338(05778-02)-338(\(to)-338(B.G.S.-C.\))-338(and)-338(R01)-338(DC)-338(05216)-338(\(to)-338(A.J.O.\).)]TJ 7 0 0 7 55.392 290.2841 Tm [(1.)-424(Hulse)-319(SH,)-319(MacDougall-Shackleton)-319(SA,)-319(Wisn)-30(iewsk)-30(i)-319(A)-60(B)-319(\(1997\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 28.868 0 Td [(J)-319(Comp)-319(Psych)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf -27.685 -1.214 Td (111:3\22613.)Tj -1.183 -1.214 Td [(2.)-424(Endepols)-189(H,)-189(Feng)-189(AS,)-189(Gerhardt)-189(HC,)-189(Schul)-189(J,)-189(Walk)-30(ow)-40(iak)-189(W)-189(\(2003\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 29.733 0 Td [(Behav)-189(Brain)]TJ -28.55 -1.214 Td (Res)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.821 0 Td (145:63\22677.)Tj -3.005 -1.214 Td [(3.)-424(Cherr)-60(y)-338(EC)-338(\(1953\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.457 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td (25:975\226979.)Tj -17.119 -1.214 Td [(4.)-424(Jouventin)-338(P,)-338(Aubin)-338(T,)-338(Lengagne)-338(T)-338(\(1999\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 19.936 0 Td [(Animal)-338(Behav)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 6.379 0 Td (57:1175\2261183.)Tj -26.315 -1.214 Td [(5.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-230(CJ,)-230(Br)-30(ungart)-230(DS,)-230(Simpson)-230(BD)-230(\(2003\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.016 0 Td [(J)-230(Acoust)-230(Soc)-230(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.229 0 Td (114:2913\2262922.)Tj -28.246 -1.214 Td [(6.)-424(Bregman)-395(AS)-395(\(1990\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.435 0 Td [(Auditor)-50(y)-395(Scene)-395(Analysis:)-395(The)-395(Perceptual)-395(Or)-30(ganization)-395(of)]TJ -9.251 -1.214 Td (Sound)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 3.045 0 Td [(\(MIT)-338(Pre)20(ss,)-338(Cambridge,)-338(M)-30(A\).)]TJ -4.228 -1.214 Td [(7.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-412(CJ,)-412(Carlyon)-412(RP)-412(\(1995\))-412(in)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 16.788 0 Td [(Hear)-30(ing)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 3.341 0 Td [(,)-412(ed)-412(Moore)-412(BCJ)-412(\(Academic,)-412(San)]TJ -18.945 -1.214 Td [(Diego,)-338(CA\),)-338(p)-338(387.)]TJ -1.183 -1.214 Td [(8.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-338(CJ)-338(\(1984\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.428 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(76:1636)-90(\2261647.)]TJ -17.089 -1.214 Td [(9.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-338(CJ,)-338(Huk)-30(in)-338(RW)-338(\(1997\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 14.886 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(102:2316)-90(\2262324.)]TJ -23.052 -1.214 Td [(10.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-338(CJ,)-338(Huk)-30(in)-338(RW)-338(\(1998\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 15.391 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(103:1080)-90(\2261084.)]TJ -23.052 -1.214 Td [(11.)-424(Liber)-30(man)-329(A)-60(M,)-329(Isenberg)-329(D,)-329(Rakerd)-329(B)-329(\(1981\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.815 0 Td [(Percept)-329(Psychophys)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 8.451 0 Td (30:133\226143.)Tj -30.266 -1.214 Td [(12.)-424(Moore)-338(BCJ,)-338(Glasberg)-338(BR,)-338(Peters)-338(RW)-338(\(1986\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.97 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(80:479)-90(\226)-90(483.)]TJ -29.631 -1.214 Td [(13.)-424(Turgeon)-334(M,)-334(Bregman)-334(AS,)-334(Ahad)-334(PA)-334(\(2002\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.012 0 Td [(J)-334(Acoust)-334(Soc)-334(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.647 0 Td [(111:1819)-90(\2261831.)]TJ -28.658 -1.214 Td [(14.)-424(Turgeon)-209(M,)-209(Bregman)-209(AS,)-209(Roberts)-209(B)-209(\(2005\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 20.532 0 Td [(J)-209(Exp)-209(Psychol)-209(Hum)-209(Percept)-209(Perfor)-30(m)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf -18.844 -1.214 Td [(31:939)-90(\226953.)]TJ -1.688 -1.214 Td [(15.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-338(CJ)-338(\(1995\))-338(in)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 11.102 0 Td [(Levels)-338(in)-338(Speech)-338(Communication:)-338(Relations)-338(and)-338(Interac-)]TJ -9.414 -1.214 Td [(tions:)-233(A)-233(Tr)-30(ibute)-233(to)-233(Max)-233(Wajskop)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 13.393 0 Td [(,)-233(eds)-233(Sorin)-233(C,)-233(Marian)-30(i)-233(J,)-233(Melon)-30(i)-233(H,)-233(Schoentgen)]TJ -13.393 -1.214 Td [(J)-338(\(Elsev)-40(ier,)-338(Amsterdam\),)-338(pp)-338(1\22612.)]TJ -1.688 -1.214 Td [(16.)-424(McAdams)-338(S,)-338(Botte)-338(MC,)-338(Drake)-338(C)-338(\(1998\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 19.838 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(103:1580)-90(\2261591.)]TJ -27.5 -1.214 Td [(17.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-246(CJ,)-246(Huk)-30(in)-246(RW)-246(\(1999\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 14.934 0 Td [(J)-246(Exp)-246(Psychol)-246(Hum)-246(Percept)-246(Perfor)-30(m)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 15.241 0 Td [(25:617\226)-90(629.)]TJ -30.176 -1.214 Td [(18.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-338(CJ,)-338(Pattison)-338(H,)-338(Gardner)-338(RB)-338(\(1989\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.308 0 Td [(Percept)-338(Psychophys)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 8.467 0 Td (45:333\226342.)Tj -29.775 -1.214 Td [(19.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-338(CJ,)-338(Huk)-30(in)-338(RW)-338(\(2000\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 15.391 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(107:970)-90(\226977.)]TJ -23.052 -1.214 Td [(20.)-424(Javel)-338(E)-338(\(1996\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 8.374 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(99:1040)-90(\2261052.)]TJ 21.465 31.571 Td [(21.)-424(Smith)-338(R)-60(L)-338(\(1977\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.517 0 Td [(J)-338(Neurophysiol)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 6.55 0 Td [(40:1098)-90(\2261111.)]TJ -16.067 -1.214 Td [(22.)-424(Rand)-338(TC)-338(\(1974\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.249 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(55:678)-90(\226)-90(680.)]TJ -16.91 -1.214 Td [(23.)-424(Elmasian)-338(R,)-338(Galambos)-338(R,)-338(Bernheim)-338(A)-338(\(1980\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 22.368 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(67:601\226)-90(607.)]TJ -30.029 -1.214 Td [(24.)-424(Mape)20(s-Riordan)-338(D,)-338(Yost)-338(WA)-338(\(1999\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 17.836 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(106:3506)-90(\2263511.)]TJ -25.498 -1.214 Td [(25.)-424(Zw)-40(islock)-30(i)-338(JJ,)-338(Sok)-30(olich)-338(WG)-338(\(1974\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 17.085 0 Td [(Percept)-338(Psychophys)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 8.467 0 Td (16:87\22690.)Tj -25.552 -1.214 Td [(26.)-424(Dar)-30(w)-40(in)-338(CJ,)-338(Huk)-30(in)-338(RW,)-338(al-K)-30(hatib)-338(BY)-338(\(1995\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.861 0 Td [(J)-338(Acoust)-338(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.661 0 Td [(98:880)-90(\226)-90(885.)]TJ -29.522 -1.214 Td [(27.)-424(Dye)-230(RH,)-230(Jr,)-230(Brown)-230(CA,)-230(Gallegos)-230(JA,)-230(Yost)-230(WA,)-230(Stellmack)-230(M)-30(A)-230(\(2006\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 31.85 0 Td [(J)-230(Acoust)]TJ -30.162 -1.214 Td [(Soc)-338(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 3.724 0 Td [(120:3946)-90(\2263956.)]TJ -5.412 -1.214 Td [(28.)-424(Joris)-526(PX,)-526(van)-526(de)-526(Sande)-526(B,)-526(Recio-Spinoso)-526(A,)-526(van)-526(der)-526(Heijden)-526(M)-526(\(2006\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 1.688 -1.214 Td [(J)-338(Neurosci)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 4.749 0 Td [(26:279)-90(\226289.)]TJ -6.437 -1.214 Td [(29.)-424(Cusack)-273(R,)-273(Deeks)-273(J,)-273(A)-30(ikman)-273(G,)-273(Carlyon)-273(RP)-273(\(2004\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 23.88 0 Td [(J)-273(Exp)-273(Psychol)-273(Hum)-273(Percept)]TJ -22.192 -1.214 Td [(Perfor)-30(m)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 3.732 0 Td [(30:643\226)-90(656.)]TJ -5.421 -1.214 Td [(30.)-424(Be)20(st)-251(V,)-251(Gallun)-251(FJ,)-251(Ihlefeld)-251(A,)-251(Shinn-Cunn)-30(ingham)-251(BG)-251(\(2006\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 28.282 0 Td [(J)-251(Acoust)-251(Soc)-251(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf -26.594 -1.214 Td [(120:1506)-90(\2261516.)]TJ -1.688 -1.214 Td [(31.)-424(Frey)-30(man)-413(R)-60(L,)-413(Helfer)-413(KS,)-413(McCall)-413(DD,)-413(Clif)-30(ton)-413(RK)-413(\(1999\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 27.796 0 Td [(J)-413(Acoust)-413(Soc)-413(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf -26.107 -1.214 Td [(106:3578)-90(\2263588.)]TJ -1.688 -1.214 Td [(32.)-424(Shinn-Cunn)-30(ingham)-242(BG,)-242(Ihlefeld)-242(A,)-242(Sat)-30(yavart)-30(a,)-242(L)-30(arson)-242(E)-242(\(2005\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 29.581 0 Td [(Acta)-242(Acustica)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf -27.892 -1.214 Td (91:967\226979.)Tj -1.688 -1.214 Td [(33.)-424(De)20(simone)-338(R,)-338(Duncan)-338(J)-338(\(1995\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 15.442 0 Td [(Ann)-338(Rev)-338(Neurosci)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 8.044 0 Td (18:193\226222.)Tj -23.486 -1.214 Td [(34.)-424(Peers)-452(PV,)-452(Ludw)-40(ig)-452(CJH,)-452(Rorden)-452(C,)-452(Cusack)-452(R,)-452(Bonfiglioli)-452(C,)-452(Bunde)20(sen)-452(C,)]TJ 1.688 -1.214 Td [(Driver)-338(J,)-338(A)-30(ntoun)-338(N,)-338(Duncan)-338(J)-338(\(2005\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 16.911 0 Td [(Cereb)-338(Cor)-30(te)-30(x)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 5.862 0 Td [(15:1469)-90(\2261484.)]TJ -24.461 -1.214 Td [(35.)-424(Schar)-50(f)-338(B)-338(\(1998\))-338(in)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.171 0 Td (Attention)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 3.866 0 Td [(,)-338(ed)-338(Pashler)-338(H)-338(\(Psycholog)-40(y,)-338(Hove,)-338(UK\),)-338(p)-338(75.)]TJ -14.037 -1.214 Td [(36.)-424(Tat)-30(a)-338(MS,)-338(Ward)-338(LM)-338(\(2005\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 13.976 0 Td (Neuropsychologia)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.746 0 Td [(43:509)-90(\226516.)]TJ -21.722 -1.214 Td [(37.)-424(Cusack)-338(R,)-338(Carlyon)-338(RP,)-338(Robertson)-338(IH)-338(\(2000\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 21.84 0 Td [(J)-338(Cog)-338(Neurosci)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 6.751 0 Td [(12:1056)-90(\2261065.)]TJ -28.59 -1.214 Td [(38.)-424(Carrasc)-30(o)-338(M,)-338(Ling)-338(S,)-338(Read)-338(S)-338(\(2004\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 17.601 0 Td [(Nat)-338(Neurosci)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 5.909 0 Td [(7:308)-90(\226313.)]TJ 0.006 Tc -23.51 -1.214 Td [(39.)-423(Shinn-Cunn)-30(ingham)-629(BG,)-629(Kopc)-30(o)-629(N,)-629(Martin)-629(TJ)-629(\(2005\))]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 27.127 0 Td [(J)-629(Acoust)-629(Soc)-629(Am)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 0.0049 Tc -25.438 -1.214 Td [(117:3100)-90(\2263115.)]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.5 0 0 6.5 51.6761 39.8835 Tm (Shinn-Cunningham)Tj /T1_6 1 Tf 9.249 0 Td [(et)-305(al.)]TJ /T1_5 1 Tf 42.611 0 Td (PNAS)Tj /T1_7 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 411.0205 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_8 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 419.1851 39.8835 Tm [(July)-305(17,)-305(2007)]TJ /T1_7 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 464.5643 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 472.7289 39.8835 Tm [(vol.)-305(104)]TJ /T1_7 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 502.3902 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 510.5548 39.8835 Tm [(no.)-305(29)]TJ /T1_7 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 6.5 535.5164 39.8835 Tm (\001)Tj /T1_8 1 Tf 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